Abstract
Introduction Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is one of the critical indicators to characterize plant adaptation to arid environments, however, the effects of pathogens infection and Rhizobium symbiosis on WUE are not considered in contexts of water stress. Methods A study was conducted in a greenhouse pot to examine the effects of changed soil water conditions on instantaneous Water Use Efficiency (WUE i ) and long-term Water Use Efficiency (WUE L ) under inoculation Rhizobium , inoculation Fusarium sp., and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. Results The results showed that inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by increasing net photosynthetic rate without drought. Inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by decreasing plant height with drought. Inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. significantly reduced WUE L by lowering intercellular CO 2 concentration without drought. Inoculation Rhizobium reduced WUE L by increasing root nodule number with drought. In contrast, drought had no effect on either WUE i or WUE L without inoculation. Discussion The results suggest that Fusarium sp. infection is detrimental to instantaneous Water Use Efficiency while inoculation Rhizobium is unfavorable to long-term Water Use Efficiency, regardless of drought effects. Our findings provide a new insight for developing effective water use strategies after pathogen infection or Rhizobium symbiosis under increased precipitation scenarios.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation reduced instantaneous WUE without drought.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- inoculation Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- WUE ie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- without droughte0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by increasing net photosynthetic rate without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Rhizobium and Fusarium inoculation reduced instantaneous WUE without drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- WUE ie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- without droughte0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by increasing net photosynthetic rate without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation increased net photosynthetic rate without drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculation Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- without droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by increasing net photosynthetic rate without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased net photosynthetic rate without drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by increasing net photosynthetic rate without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation reduced instantaneous WUE under drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- WUE ie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- with droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by decreasing plant height with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation reduced instantaneous WUE under drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- WUE ie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by decreasing plant height with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation decreased plant height under drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- with droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Fusarium sp. and co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by decreasing plant height with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation decreased plant height under drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. reduced WUE i by decreasing plant height with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation significantly reduced long-term WUE without drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- WUE Le0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. significantly reduced WUE L by lowering intercellular CO 2 concentration without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation lowered intercellular CO2 concentration without drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp.e0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Rhizobium and Fusarium sp. significantly reduced WUE L by lowering intercellular CO 2 concentration without drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation reduced long-term WUE with drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Rhizobiume0
- Outcome
- WUE Le0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Rhizobium reduced WUE L by increasing root nodule number with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased root nodule number with drought.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation Rhizobiume0
- Outcome
- root nodule numbere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation Rhizobium reduced WUE L by increasing root nodule number with drought”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought did not change instantaneous or long-term WUE without inoculation.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- WUE i or WUE Le0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- without inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought had no effect on either WUE i or WUE L without inoculation”
t0“peanut”
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