Abstract
Mulberry trees ( Morus spp.), a dual-purpose crop with nutritional and medicinal value, faces significant production constraints due to sclerotinosis. Two strains of Bacillus velezensis (JT-3 and JD-3) were isolated, demonstrating strong inhibitory effects against the sclerotinia pathogen (56.06% for JT-3 and 75.42% for JD-3). These strains effectively suppressed sclerotium formation and germination, achieving a complete inhibition rate. Field trials and growth promotion experiments showed that disease incidence in mulberry fruit could be reduced by up to 75.72%, with significant improvements observed in plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, root length, root weight, and above-ground biomass compared to the control group. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing showed the genome of JT-3 consists of a single circular chromosome with a size of 3.85 Mb, while the genome of JD-3 comprises a circular chromosome and a plasmid, with a total size of 4.12 Mb, including a plasmid of 35.7 kb. Both strains exhibit the capacity to secrete antifungal Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) such as lysozyme and chitinase. Comparative genomics identified JD-3-specific enrichments in flagellar motility, hydrolase systems, antimicrobial defense clusters. Additionally, Both strains harbored 12 The biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), with JD-3 uniquely encoding plantazolicin synthesis. These findings provide foundational insights for developing Bacillus -based bioformulations while opening new avenues for the health management of mulberry fruit.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
JT-3 inhibited the sclerotinia pathogen by 56.06%.
- Material
- JT-3e0
- Interactor
- sclerotinia pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus velezensis
Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibitory effects against the sclerotinia pathogene0
- Value
- 56.06%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two strains of Bacillus velezensis (JT-3 and JD-3) were isolated, demonstrating strong inhibitory effects against the sclerotinia pathogen (56.06% for JT-3 and 75.42% for JD-3)”
Claim · model-written summary
JD-3 inhibited the sclerotinia pathogen by 75.42%.
- Material
- JD-3e0
- Interactor
- sclerotinia pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus velezensisBacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects against the sclerotinia pathogene0
- Value
- 75.42%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two strains of Bacillus velezensis (JT-3 and JD-3) were isolated, demonstrating strong inhibitory effects against the sclerotinia pathogen (56.06% for JT-3 and 75.42% for JD-3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The strains completely inhibited sclerotium formation and germination.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These strains effectively suppressed sclerotium formation and germination, achieving a complete inhibition rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Field treatments reduced mulberry fruit disease incidence by up to 75.72%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“disease incidence in mulberry fruit could be reduced by up to 75.72%”
Claim · model-written summary
The strains significantly improved plant height, stem thickness, and leaf number.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“significant improvements observed in plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, root length, root weight, and above-ground biomass compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
The strains significantly improved root length, root weight, and above-ground biomass.
- Outcome
- root length, root weight, and above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“significant improvements observed in plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, root length, root weight, and above-ground biomass compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
JT-3 had a 3.85 Mb circular chromosome.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the genome of JT-3 consists of a single circular chromosome with a size of 3.85 Mb”
Claim · model-written summary
JD-3 genome totaled 4.12 Mb, including a 35.7 kb plasmid.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the genome of JD-3 comprises a circular chromosome and a plasmid, with a total size of 4.12 Mb, including a plasmid of 35.7 kb”
Claim · model-written summary
Both strains could secrete antifungal lysozyme and chitinase.
- Gene
- lysozyme and chitinasee0
- Outcome
- capacity to secrete antifungal Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both strains exhibit the capacity to secrete antifungal Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) such as lysozyme and chitinase”
Claim · model-written summary
JD-3 had unique enrichment in motility, hydrolase, and defense clusters.
- Material
- JD-3e0
- Outcome
- enrichments in flagellar motility, hydrolase systems, antimicrobial defense clusterse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“JD-3-specific enrichments in flagellar motility, hydrolase systems, antimicrobial defense clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
Both strains harbored 12 biosynthetic gene clusters.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both strains harbored 12 The biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs)”
Claim · model-written summary
JD-3 uniquely encoded plantazolicin synthesis.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“JD-3 uniquely encoding plantazolicin synthesis”