Abstract
The article presents the results of a study to assess the characteristics of winter wheat yield formation of Skipetr variety using various soil cultivation systems (moldboard, non-moldboard, zero) and types of fallow (bare fallow and various types of green manure fallow) on gray forest soil in the Kama agricultural production zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study was conducted in 2023-2024, based on a long-term production stationary experiment established in 2022. The autumn of 2023 was characterized by drought phenomena. During the spring-summer vegetation period of 2024, winter wheat experienced cold weather with a large amount of precipitation in May, then periodically experienced moisture deficit and elevated temperatures, which affected plant development. The total plot area for each variant was 0.5 ha, replicated three times (the total area of each experimental variant was 1.5 ha). The obtained data were processed using dispersion analysis. With the exception of the studied techniques, the agricultural technology of winter wheat cultivation was in accordance with those recommended for Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The use of moldboard tillage led to a decrease in soil bulk density, while with no-till and zero tillage, there was a slight increase in this indicator, but within the optimal values for winter wheat. The content of productive moisture in the arable soil layer during the heading phase of winter wheat was maximum when using forage peas as a green manure crop and moldboard plowing. The use of zero tillage in combination with the use of white mustard and a vetch-oat mixture as green manure provided the maximum biological activity of the soil when using the linen fabric decomposition assessment method. The highest yield of winter wheat of Skipetr variety (4.89 t/ha) was obtained when using forage peas as a fallow crop against the background of no-till soil cultivation. In terms of gluten content, in all variants, the grain met the standards for class 1 food wheat according to GOST 9353-2016, but in most cases, according to other indicators, the grain met the requirements for class 3. Grain confirming requirements for the second class of food wheat was obtained using forage peas as a green manure against the background of no-moldboard cultivation, as well as against the background of vetch-oat fallow according to the no-till system. Taking into account the achievement of the maximum yield level (4.89 t/ha), the best quality characteristics and the greatest weight of 1000 grains (45.3 g) at the minimum cost of the obtained products, the most optimal biologization technique in the experimental conditions was the use of forage peas as a green manure against the background of a no-moldboard soil cultivation system.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard tillage decreased soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- moldboard tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of moldboard tillage led to a decrease in soil bulk density”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till slightly increased soil bulk density within optimal wheat values.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tille0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye1
- Direction
- slight increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no-till and zero tillage, there was a slight increase in this indicator, but within the optimal values for winter wheat”
e1“soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage slightly increased soil bulk density within optimal wheat values.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye1
- Direction
- slight increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no-till and zero tillage, there was a slight increase in this indicator, but within the optimal values for winter wheat”
e1“soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage peas plus moldboard plowing maximized productive soil moisture at wheat heading.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- heading phasee0
- Treatment
- forage peas as a green manure crop and moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- content of productive moisture in the arable soil layere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of productive moisture in the arable soil layer during the heading phase of winter wheat was maximum when using forage peas as a green manure crop and moldboard plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with white mustard maximized soil biological activity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- zero tillage in combination with the use of white mustarde0
- Outcome
- biological activity of the soile0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of zero tillage in combination with the use of white mustard and a vetch-oat mixture as green manure provided the maximum biological activity of the soil”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with vetch-oat mixture maximized soil biological activity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- biological activity of the soile0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- vetch-oat mixture as green manuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of zero tillage in combination with the use of white mustard and a vetch-oat mixture as green manure provided the maximum biological activity of the soil”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage pea fallow with no-till gave the highest Skipetr wheat yield, 4.89 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Skipetre0
- Treatment
- forage peas as a fallow crope0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.89 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- no-till soil cultivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of winter wheat of Skipetr variety (4.89 t/ha) was obtained when using forage peas as a fallow crop against the background of no-till soil cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain gluten met class 1 standard across all variants.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- gluten contente0
- Value
- class 1e0
- Qualifier
- in all variantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of gluten content, in all variants, the grain met the standards for class 1 food wheat according to GOST 9353-2016”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Other grain indicators generally met class 3 requirements.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- other indicatorse0
- Value
- class 3e0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in most cases, according to other indicators, the grain met the requirements for class 3”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage pea green manure with no-moldboard cultivation yielded class 2 grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- forage peas as a green manuree0
- Outcome
- Grain confirming requirements for the second class of food wheate0
- Qualifier
- no-moldboard cultivatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain confirming requirements for the second class of food wheat was obtained using forage peas as a green manure against the background of no-moldboard cultivation”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetch-oat fallow with no-till yielded class 2 grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- vetch-oat fallowe0
- Outcome
- Grain confirming requirements for the second class of food wheate1
- Qualifier
- no-till systeme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against the background of vetch-oat fallow according to the no-till system”
e1“Grain confirming requirements for the second class of food wheat”
e2“winter wheat crop formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended forage pea green manure with no-moldboard cultivation as optimal.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- use of forage peas as a green manure against the background of a no-moldboard soil cultivation systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most optimal biologization technique in the experimental conditions was the use of forage peas as a green manure against the background of a no-moldboard soil cultivation system”
e1“winter wheat crop formation”
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