Abstract
BACKGROUND: One effective way to address fine dust, a significant contributor to soil erosion, is by cultivating plants with high forage quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran. All samples were collected in spring 2023 (April 20-30). Plant species, including Atriplex leucoclada, Suaeda fruticosa, Tamarix passerinoides, and Seidlitzia rosmarinus, were sampled during three growth stages: vegetative growth, flowering, and seeding. The data analysis involved sample collection, soil sampling, laboratory measurements, and statistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncan's test to compare the forage quality of different species collected from various habitats. RESULTS: This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of four halophytic species at different phenological stages. Sampling was conducted using plots with three replications during three growth stages: vegetative, flowering, and seeding. The data were analyzed as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design, with species (Atriplex leucoclada, Suaeda fruticosa, Tamarix passerinoides, and Seidlitzia rosmarinus), growth stage, and plant organs (leaves and stems) as the factors. The highest crude protein content was found in S. fruticosa (14.4%), while S. rosmarinus exhibited the highest level of water-soluble carbohydrates (12.85%). In contrast, A. leucoclada and T. passerinoides showed the greatest dry matter digestibility and metabolic effects. The analysis revealed that the stems contained higher levels of nitrogen, crude protein, ash, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent-soluble fibers, and cell wall components lacking hemicellulose compared to the leaves. However, the leaves exhibited greater dry matter digestibility and had more significant metabolic effects than the stems. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, all four species studied demonstrated good forage quality due to their high protein content. Moreover, S. rosmarinus emerged as a superior species for foraging, while A. leucoclada and T. passerinoides were notable for their digestibility percentage and metabolic effects. S. rosmarinus may be a promising candidate for future studies aimed at mitigating fine dust.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Suaeda fruticosa had the highest crude protein content of the four halophytes, 14.4%, in Khuzestan.
- Taxon
- S. fruticosa
Suaeda fruticosae0 - Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
- Setting
- Khuzestan province, Irane7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest crude protein content was found in S. fruticosa (14.4%)”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Seidlitzia rosmarinus had the highest water-soluble carbohydrate level, 12.85%, in Khuzestan.
- Taxon
- S. rosmarinus
Soda rosmarinuse1 - Outcome
- water-soluble carbohydratese1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 12.85%e1
- Setting
- Khuzestan province, Irane7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“S. rosmarinus exhibited the highest level of water-soluble carbohydrates (12.85%)”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Atriplex leucoclada had the greatest dry matter digestibility and metabolic effects among the halophytes sampled in Khuzestan.
- Taxon
- A. leucocladaAtriplex leucocladae2
- Outcome
- dry matter digestibility and metabolic effectse2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Setting
- Khuzestan province, Irane7
Verbatim
e2“A. leucoclada and T. passerinoides showed the greatest dry matter digestibility and metabolic effects”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Tamarix passerinoides had the greatest dry matter digestibility and metabolic effects among the halophytes sampled in Khuzestan.
- Taxon
- T. passerinoidesTamarix passerinoidese2
- Outcome
- dry matter digestibility and metabolic effectse2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Setting
- Khuzestan province, Irane7
Verbatim
e2“A. leucoclada and T. passerinoides showed the greatest dry matter digestibility and metabolic effects”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Stems of the halophytes had higher nitrogen, crude protein and ash than leaves.
Verbatim
t0“Exploring the potential forage quality of some halophytic species at different phenological stages”
e3“the stems contained higher levels of nitrogen, crude protein, ash, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent-soluble fibers, and cell wall components lacking hemicellulose compared to the leaves”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Stems of the halophytes had higher water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent-soluble fibers and cell wall components lacking hemicellulose than leaves.
Verbatim
t0“Exploring the potential forage quality of some halophytic species at different phenological stages”
e3“the stems contained higher levels of nitrogen, crude protein, ash, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent-soluble fibers, and cell wall components lacking hemicellulose compared to the leaves”
e7“The study area is located in Khuzestan province, Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of the halophytes had greater dry matter digestibility than stems.
Verbatim
t0“Exploring the potential forage quality of some halophytic species at different phenological stages”
e4“the leaves exhibited greater dry matter digestibility and had more significant metabolic effects than the stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of the halophytes had more significant metabolic effects than stems.
Verbatim
t0“Exploring the potential forage quality of some halophytic species at different phenological stages”
e4“the leaves exhibited greater dry matter digestibility and had more significant metabolic effects than the stems”
Claim · model-written summary
All four halophytes showed good forage quality, which the authors attribute to their high protein content.
Verbatim
t0“Exploring the potential forage quality of some halophytic species at different phenological stages”
e5“all four species studied demonstrated good forage quality due to their high protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Seidlitzia rosmarinus emerged as a superior species for foraging.
- Taxon
- S. rosmarinusSoda rosmarinuse6
- Outcome
- superior species for foraginge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“S. rosmarinus emerged as a superior species for foraging”
Claim · model-written summary
Seidlitzia rosmarinus may be a promising candidate for future studies aimed at mitigating fine dust.
- Taxon
- S. rosmarinusSoda rosmarinuse7
- Outcome
- promising candidate for future studies aimed at mitigating fine duste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“S. rosmarinus may be a promising candidate for future studies aimed at mitigating fine dust”