Abstract
In the fascinating world of medicinal plants, there are often species that look remarkably similar to one another. These botanical doppelgängers can cause quite a conundrum, especially when it comes to drug development and safety. Imagine a scenario where two seemingly identical plants are used interchangeably, potentially leading to adulteration or substitution of valuable drugs. To avoid such mix-ups, accurate identification becomes crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to distinguish between the two species by the morphological characters of the leaves and bioactive compounds. Plants were collected, identified, pulverized, and subjected to botanical evaluation as well as phytochemical screening. Leaf characters were selected and measured morphometrically. Microscopic leaf characters revealed that leaf width, trichome type, margin type, and colours of the leaves are different. The chemo-microscopic evaluation revealed mucilage and cellulose to be present in C. populnea. While there is no significant difference in the palisade ratio of these Cissus species. The presence of xylem vessel elements in the midrib of C. populnea and increased number of vein islets (18) differentiates it from C. arguta (Vein islet number, 11) while stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cells, stomata at the adaxial (43) and abaxial (57) part of leaves and leaf width (14.18 ± 0.25) cm, in C. populnea differentiate it from C. arguta . Thin-Layer chromatographic analysis using Dichloromethane and Ethylacetate (3:1) showed seven (7) and three (3) spots with their respective Rf values. These findings reinforce the importance of accurate plant identification in medicinal research, preventing misidentification and ensuring the integrity of drug development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf width, trichome type and margin type differ between the two Cissus species
- Outcome
- leaf width, trichome type, margin typee1
CissusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Microscopic leaf characters revealed that leaf width, trichome type, margin type, and colours of the leaves are different”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf colours differ between the two Cissus species
- Outcome
- colours of the leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Microscopic leaf characters revealed that leaf width, trichome type, margin type, and colours of the leaves are different”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mucilage and cellulose are present in C. populnea leaves
- Taxon
- C. populnea
Cissus populneae1 - Outcome
- mucilage and cellulosee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The chemo-microscopic evaluation revealed mucilage and cellulose to be present in C. populnea”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
There is no significant difference in palisade ratio between the Cissus species
- Outcome
- palisade ratioe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“While there is no significant difference in the palisade ratio of these Cissus species”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem vessel elements are present in the midrib of C. populnea
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- xylem vessel elements in the midribe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The presence of xylem vessel elements in the midrib of C. populnea and increased number of vein islets (18) differentiates it from C. arguta (Vein islet number, 11)”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. populnea has an increased number of vein islets (18) compared with C. arguta
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- number of vein isletse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18e1
- Comparator
- C. argutae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The presence of xylem vessel elements in the midrib of C. populnea and increased number of vein islets (18) differentiates it from C. arguta (Vein islet number, 11)”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. arguta has 11 vein islets
- Taxon
- C. argutaCissus argutae1
- Outcome
- Vein islet numbere1
- Value
- 11e1
Verbatim
e1“The presence of xylem vessel elements in the midrib of C. populnea and increased number of vein islets (18) differentiates it from C. arguta (Vein islet number, 11)”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. populnea has stellate trichomes with many mucilaginous cells
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cellse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cells, stomata at the adaxial (43) and abaxial (57) part of leaves and leaf width (14.18 ± 0.25) cm, in C. populnea differentiate it from C. arguta”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. populnea has 43 stomata at the adaxial leaf surface
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- stomata at the adaxiale1
- Value
- 43e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cells, stomata at the adaxial (43) and abaxial (57) part of leaves and leaf width (14.18 ± 0.25) cm, in C. populnea differentiate it from C. arguta”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. populnea has 57 stomata at the abaxial leaf surface
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- stomatae1
- Value
- 57e1
- Qualifier
- abaxial (57) part of leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cells, stomata at the adaxial (43) and abaxial (57) part of leaves and leaf width (14.18 ± 0.25) cm, in C. populnea differentiate it from C. arguta”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
C. populnea leaf width is 14.18 ± 0.25 cm
- Taxon
- C. populneaCissus populneae1
- Outcome
- leaf widthe1
- Value
- (14.18 ± 0.25) cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stellate trichome with many mucilaginous cells, stomata at the adaxial (43) and abaxial (57) part of leaves and leaf width (14.18 ± 0.25) cm, in C. populnea differentiate it from C. arguta”
t0“from the genus Cissus”
Claim · model-written summary
TLC of the Cissus leaf extract (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, 3:1) gave seven and three spots
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“showed seven (7) and three (3) spots with their respective Rf values”
t0“from the genus Cissus”