Abstract
Abstract The inclusion of a harvested winter cereal before soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can increase productivity and sustainability of a cereal‐soybean rotation. Still, literature disagrees on proper seeding and fertilizer rates of the winter cereal for efficient production of both crops in the rotation. This study aimed to evaluate rye ( Secale cereale L.) spring green ground cover, biomass production, and nitrogen (N) accumulation in a rye‐soybean rotation, using three seeding rates (20, 40, and 60 kg ha −1 ) and three N rates (0, 30, and 60 kg N ha −1 ) from 2021 to 2023 in central Iowa. Remote sensing was used to assess rye growth. Green ground cover was up to 42% higher in the highest seeding rate (60 kg ha −1 ). Conversely, rye biomass production was not affected by seeding or N rates and averaged 3.0 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1 in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Rye N accumulation increased 0.13 and 0.51 kg N ha −1 for each kg N applied in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Soybean yield was similar among treatments but 19%–38% lower than the county average production, especially in the second growing season due to limited precipitation. This study provides new evidence that rye biomass production can be optimized with low inputs, whereas higher seeding rates increase spring green ground cover. However, because of reduced soybean yields, further studies are needed to evaluate rye harvest time and alternative soybean varieties to optimize soybean production after rye for central Iowa conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The highest seeding rate increased rye green ground cover by up to 42%.
- Taxon
- Rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- highest seeding rate (60 kg ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- Green ground covere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green ground cover was up to 42% higher in the highest seeding rate (60 kg ha −1 )”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye biomass production was unaffected by seeding or N rates.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- seeding or N ratese0
- Outcome
- rye biomass productione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye biomass production was not affected by seeding or N rates and averaged 3.0 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1 in the first and second growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye biomass averaged 3.0 ± 1.1 Mg ha −1 in the first season.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- rye biomass productione0
- Value
- 3.0 ± 1.1e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye biomass production was not affected by seeding or N rates and averaged 3.0 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1 in the first and second growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye biomass averaged 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1 in the second season.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- rye biomass productione0
- Value
- 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- second growing seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye biomass production was not affected by seeding or N rates and averaged 3.0 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha −1 in the first and second growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye N accumulation rose 0.13 kg N ha −1 per kg N applied in the first season.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- kg N appliede0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.13e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye N accumulation increased 0.13 and 0.51 kg N ha −1 for each kg N applied in the first and second growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye N accumulation rose 0.51 kg N ha −1 per kg N applied in the second season.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- kg N appliede0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.51 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- second growing seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye N accumulation increased 0.13 and 0.51 kg N ha −1 for each kg N applied in the first and second growing seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar among treatments.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was similar among treatments but 19%–38% lower than the county average production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 19%–38% below the county average.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19%–38%e0
- Comparator
- county average productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was similar among treatments but 19%–38% lower than the county average production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend evaluating rye harvest time and soybean varieties to improve soybean production after rye.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- evaluate rye harvest time and alternative soybean varieties to optimize soybean production after ryee0
- Setting
- central Iowae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further studies are needed to evaluate rye harvest time and alternative soybean varieties to optimize soybean production after rye for central Iowa conditions”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.