Abstract
The order Myrtales, one of the most species-rich lineage within the Superrosidae clade, with the majority of its species distributed across five families: Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae, and Combretaceae. Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Myrtales, its phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, with previous studies yielding inconsistent results based on gene fragments and plastid genomes. Genomic data, particularly single-copy/low-copy nuclear genes, provide valuable insights for resolving these phylogenetic relationships. However, phylogenetic studies still lack sufficient clade coverage, particularly for less studied families such as the Onagraceae. Epilobieae is an important tribe of the Onagraceae, characterized by substantial chromosomal number variation and whole genome duplication event (WGD). Nevertheless, the mechanisms of chromosomal evolution remain unresolved. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of two representative species from the Epilobieae, Chamerion angustifolium (formerly Chamaenerion angustifolium) and Epilobium hirsutum, with genome sizes of 636.59 Mb and 400.23 Mb, respectively. Genome evolution analysis revealed two WGD events, during which the chromosome number increased from $$\:\text{n}=9$$ to $$\:\text{n}=18$$ , followed by aneuploid reduction, leading to the diverse chromosomal numbers observed within this tribe. The WGD retained genes are enriched in Environmental information processing pathways, potentially enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. These genes also show a preference for multiple exons, which may promote alternative splicing and functional diversification. Additionally, integrating genomic data from 24 Myrtales species, a robust phylogenetic framework based on 994 single-copy/low-copy orthogroups were reconstructed. Our results supported Combretaceae as the sister group to Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae, providing new insights into the evolutionary relationships within the Myrtales.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Genome evolution analysis revealed two whole-genome duplication events in Epilobieae
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Outcome
- two WGD eventse1
Verbatim
e1“Genome evolution analysis revealed two WGD events, during which the chromosome number increased from”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosome number increased during the two WGD events in Epilobieae
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Outcome
- chromosome numbere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Verbatim
e1“Genome evolution analysis revealed two WGD events, during which the chromosome number increased from”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
Aneuploid reduction after WGD explains the diverse chromosome numbers in Epilobieae
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Outcome
- diverse chromosomal numberse1
- Qualifier
- aneuploid reductione1
Verbatim
e1“followed by aneuploid reduction, leading to the diverse chromosomal numbers observed within this tribe”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
WGD retained genes are enriched in environmental information processing pathways
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Gene
- WGD retained genese1
- Outcome
- Environmental information processing pathwayse1
Verbatim
e1“The WGD retained genes are enriched in Environmental information processing pathways, potentially enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
WGD retained genes show a preference for multiple exons
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Outcome
- preference for multiple exonse1
Verbatim
e1“These genes also show a preference for multiple exons, which may promote alternative splicing and functional diversification”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
Preference for multiple exons may promote alternative splicing and functional diversification of WGD retained genes
- Taxon
- EpilobieaeEpilobieaet0
- Outcome
- functional diversificatione1
- Qualifier
- alternative splicinge1
Verbatim
e1“These genes also show a preference for multiple exons, which may promote alternative splicing and functional diversification”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating genomic data from 24 Myrtales species gave a robust phylogenetic framework based on 994 single-copy/low-copy orthogroups
Verbatim
e1“integrating genomic data from 24 Myrtales species, a robust phylogenetic framework based on 994 single-copy/low-copy orthogroups were reconstructed”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
Combretaceae is the sister group to Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae
- Taxon
- CombretaceaeCombretaceaee1
- Outcome
- sister groupe1
Verbatim
e1“Our results supported Combretaceae as the sister group to Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
The Chamerion angustifolium genome assembly has a genome size of 636.59 Mb
- Taxon
- Chamerion angustifolium
Chamaenerion angustifoliume1 - Outcome
- genome sizese1
- Value
- 636.59 Mbe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Chamerion angustifolium (formerly Chamaenerion angustifolium) and Epilobium hirsutum, with genome sizes of 636.59 Mb and 400.23 Mb, respectively”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”
Claim · model-written summary
The Epilobium hirsutum genome assembly has a genome size of 400.23 Mb
- Taxon
- Epilobium hirsutum
Epilobium hirsutume1 - Outcome
- genome sizese1
- Value
- 400.23 Mbe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Chamerion angustifolium (formerly Chamaenerion angustifolium) and Epilobium hirsutum, with genome sizes of 636.59 Mb and 400.23 Mb, respectively”
t0“Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales”