Abstract
Emergence predictive models can facilitate weed management, but estimating cardinal temperatures for germination of target species is necessary. Germination tests at a range of alternating temperatures from 12.5/2.5 C to 35/25 C were conducted to estimate cardinal temperatures of Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre, Polygonum aviculare L. and Solanum nigrum L. Two statistical methodologies were tested: the Thermal time-to-event model (TTEM) and the Threshold limit model (TL). Germination of P. aviculare was maximum at low-mid temperatures, where its optimal range probably lies, and decreased at high temperatures. No differences were observed between the base (Tb) values estimated for this species with the two models (TTEM 3.5 C, TL 4.1 C), while a significantly higher ceiling (Tc) value was determined with TTEM (TTEM 41.5 C, TL 33.6 C). The Germination of P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum increased monotonically with the rise in temperature, indicating that their optimal temperature lies above the highest tested temperature. TTEM could not be applied to these species since it requires data from the supra-optimal thermal range. TL models could instead estimate Tb values (9.4 C and 15.4 C for P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum), while the lack of data in the supra-optimal thermal range impeded the estimation of Tc.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
P. aviculare germination peaked at low to mid temperatures and fell at high temperatures.
- Taxon
- P. aviculare
Polygonum avicularee0 - Outcome
- Germination of P. avicularee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at high temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of P. aviculare was maximum at low-mid temperatures, where its optimal range probably lies, and decreased at high temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
The estimated base temperature for P. aviculare did not differ between TTEM and TL, with estimates of 3.5 C and 4.1 C.
- Taxon
- Polygonum avicularePolygonum avicularet0
- Outcome
- base (Tb) valuese0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Value
- 3.5 Ce0
- Qualifier
- TL 4.1 Ce0
- Comparator
- TLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences were observed between the base (Tb) values estimated for this species with the two models (TTEM 3.5 C, TL 4.1 C)”
t0“Polygonum aviculare”
Claim · model-written summary
TTEM estimated a significantly higher P. aviculare ceiling temperature than TL: 41.5 C versus 33.6 C.
- Taxon
- Polygonum avicularePolygonum avicularet0
- Outcome
- ceiling (Tc) valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 41.5 Ce0
- Qualifier
- TL 33.6 Ce0
- Comparator
- TLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significantly higher ceiling (Tc) value was determined with TTEM (TTEM 41.5 C, TL 33.6 C)”
t0“Polygonum aviculare”
Claim · model-written summary
P. lapathifolia germination increased with temperature; its optimum lay above the tested range.
- Taxon
- P. lapathifolia
Persicaria lapathifoliae0 - Outcome
- Germination of P. lapathifoliae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- above the highest tested temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Germination of P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum increased monotonically with the rise in temperature, indicating that their optimal temperature lies above the highest tested temperature.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nigrum germination increased with temperature; its optimum lay above the tested range.
- Taxon
- S. nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Outcome
- Germination of P. lapathifolia and S. nigrume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- above the highest tested temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The Germination of P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum increased monotonically with the rise in temperature, indicating that their optimal temperature lies above the highest tested temperature.”
Claim · model-written summary
TTEM could not be applied to P. lapathifolia because supra-optimal data were unavailable.
- Taxon
- Persicaria lapathifoliaPersicaria lapathifoliat0
- Outcome
- TTEM could not be appliede0
- Value
- supra-optimal thermal rangee0
- Qualifier
- requires data from the supra-optimal thermal rangee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TTEM could not be applied to these species since it requires data from the supra-optimal thermal range.”
t0“Persicaria lapathifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
TTEM could not be applied to S. nigrum because supra-optimal data were unavailable.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrumSolanum nigrumt0
- Outcome
- TTEM could not be appliede0
- Value
- supra-optimal thermal rangee0
- Qualifier
- requires data from the supra-optimal thermal rangee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TTEM could not be applied to these species since it requires data from the supra-optimal thermal range.”
t0“Solanum nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
TL estimated the base temperature of P. lapathifolia at 9.4 C.
- Taxon
- P. lapathifoliaPersicaria lapathifoliae0
- Outcome
- Tb valuese0
- Value
- 9.4 Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TL models could instead estimate Tb values (9.4 C and 15.4 C for P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum)”
Claim · model-written summary
TL estimated the base temperature of S. nigrum at 15.4 C.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Outcome
- Tb valuese0
- Value
- 15.4 Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TL models could instead estimate Tb values (9.4 C and 15.4 C for P. lapathifolia and S. nigrum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of supra-optimal data prevented ceiling-temperature estimation for P. lapathifolia.
- Taxon
- Persicaria lapathifoliaPersicaria lapathifoliat0
- Outcome
- impeded the estimation of Tce0
- Value
- Tce0
- Qualifier
- lack of data in the supra-optimal thermal rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of data in the supra-optimal thermal range impeded the estimation of Tc.”
t0“Persicaria lapathifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of supra-optimal data prevented ceiling-temperature estimation for S. nigrum.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrumSolanum nigrumt0
- Outcome
- impeded the estimation of Tce0
- Value
- Tce0
- Qualifier
- lack of data in the supra-optimal thermal rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of data in the supra-optimal thermal range impeded the estimation of Tc.”
t0“Solanum nigrum”