Abstract
A comparative phytochemical analysis of Gentiana septemfida, G. asclepiadea, G. cruciata, and G. gelida was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS). In total, 123 compounds were found including 68 iridoid glycosides, 37 flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosides, 2 phenolic O-glycosides, 3 hydroxycinnamates, 7 xanthones, 6 triterpene glycosides, and 3 carbohydrates. Subsequent isolation through column chromatography from the roots of G. septemfida were isolated the iridoids gentiopicroside and loganic acid, as well as ursane-type triterpenes, specifically (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid and (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid. From the aerial parts of G. asclepiadea were isolated the flavonoids isoorientin and isovitexin, along with the xanthone glycoside mangiferin. Furthermore, the radical-scavenging properties, antimicrobial, antifungal and digestive enzymes inhibiting activities of extracts, fractions, and individual compounds from G. septemfida, G. asclepiadea, G. cruciata, and G. gelida were systematically evaluated. Pharmacopoeial monographs for the aerial parts and roots of G. septemfida were developed and officially approved. The findings highlighted in our investigation suggest that Azerbaijan gentians are good source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of four Gentiana species found 123 compounds across several phytochemical classes.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfida
Gentiana septemfidae0 - Outcome
- compoundse0
- Value
- 123 compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A comparative phytochemical analysis of Gentiana septemfida, G. asclepiadea, G. cruciata, and G. gelida was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS). In total, 123 compounds were found including 68 iridoid glycosides, 37 flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosides, 2 phenolic O-glycosides, 3 hydroxycinnamates, 7 xanthones, 6 triterpene glycosides, and 3 carbohydrates.”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found 68 iridoid glycosides.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- iridoid glycosidese0
- Value
- 68 iridoid glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“68 iridoid glycosides”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found 37 flavone glycosides.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosidese0
- Value
- 37 flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37 flavones C-, O-, and C, O-glycosides”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found two phenolic O-glycosides, three hydroxycinnamates and seven xanthones.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- phenolic O-glycosidese0
- Value
- 2 phenolic O-glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 phenolic O-glycosides, 3 hydroxycinnamates, 7 xanthones”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found three hydroxycinnamates.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- hydroxycinnamatese0
- Value
- 3 hydroxycinnamatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 hydroxycinnamates”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found seven xanthones.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- xanthonese0
- Value
- 7 xanthonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 xanthones”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found six triterpene glycosides.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- triterpene glycosidese0
- Value
- 6 triterpene glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6 triterpene glycosides”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found three carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- Gentiana septemfidaGentiana septemfidat0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Value
- 3 carbohydratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 carbohydrates”
t0“Gentiana septemfida”
Claim · model-written summary
Gentiopicroside and loganic acid were isolated from G. septemfida roots.
- Taxon
- G. septemfidaGentiana septemfidae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- gentiopicroside and loganic acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from the roots of G. septemfida were isolated the iridoids gentiopicroside and loganic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Two ursane-type triterpenes were isolated from G. septemfida roots.
- Taxon
- G. septemfidaGentiana septemfidae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid and (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from the roots of G. septemfida were isolated the iridoids gentiopicroside and loganic acid, as well as ursane-type triterpenes, specifically (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid and (2β,3β)-3,25-epidioxy-2,24-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoorientin, isovitexin and mangiferin were isolated from aerial parts of G. asclepiadea.
- Taxon
- G. asclepiadea
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Gentiana asclepiadeae0 - Organ / stage
- aerial partse0
- Outcome
- isoorientin and isovitexin, along with the xanthone glycoside mangiferine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“From the aerial parts of G. asclepiadea were isolated the flavonoids isoorientin and isovitexin, along with the xanthone glycoside mangiferin”
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacopoeial monographs for G. septemfida aerial parts and roots were developed and approved.
- Taxon
- G. septemfidaGentiana septemfidae0
- Organ / stage
- aerial parts and rootse0
- Outcome
- Pharmacopoeial monographse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacopoeial monographs for the aerial parts and roots of G. septemfida were developed and officially approved”