Paper · 2025 · Smart Agricultural Technology

Real-time early corn and weed classification using hybrid visual features based on parallel processing and tracking

Faisal Dharma Adhinata; Wahyono; Raden Sumiharto

2
claims
6
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

Corn and weed classification using video data is required to run in real-time. Video data processing is necessary to consider its speed and correct classification. Problems arise when the classification speed does not meet the video's frame per second (fps) specifications. This research proposes a combination of parallel processing and tracking to increase the speed of video data processing. The speed of video processing is also supported by the machine learning method. The combination of visual features through feature selection is also applied in this research. The results of the non-parallel experiment produced an average of 25.45 fps, while the proposed method produced 43.99 fps or an increase of 72.82%. This speed increase is due to parallel processing through MPI4Py at the pre-processing and color segmentation stages, which optimizes multi-core CPU resources. In addition, the feature extraction and classification stages also use skip frames so that not all frames are processed. The corn and weed classification results experienced a slight decrease. This decrease in classification results is not as significant as the resulting processing speed. Through these results, the proposed method enables real-time processing, making it useful for video data processing.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 2

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The proposed parallel and tracking method raised corn and weed video processing speed to 43.99 fps, an increase of 72.82% over the non-parallel experiment at 25.45 fps.

Treatment
parallel processinge2
Outcome
speede2
Direction
increasee1
Value
43.99 fpse1
Qualifier
25.45 fpse1
Comparator
non-parallel experimente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn and weed classification using video data is required to run in real-time.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–78 · show in text ↑
e1

“The results of the non-parallel experiment produced an average of 25.45 fps, while the proposed method produced 43.99 fps or an increase of 72.82%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 570–716 · show in text ↑
e2

“This speed increase is due to parallel processing through MPI4Py at the pre-processing and color segmentation stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–834 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn and weed classification results decreased slightly under the proposed method.

Outcome
corn and weed classification resultse3
Direction
decreasee3
Value
slighte3
Qualifier
not as significant as the resulting processing speede4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Corn and weed classification using video data is required to run in real-time.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–78 · show in text ↑
e3

“The corn and weed classification results experienced a slight decrease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1069 · show in text ↑
e4

“This decrease in classification results is not as significant as the resulting processing speed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1166 · show in text ↑