Abstract
Abstract Weed management is a major challenge in pearl millet production. Limited herbicide options available for use with pearl millet further complicates weed control. To fill this knowledge gap, field experiments were conducted during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons in Hays, Kansas, to investigate eight preemergence herbicides (labeled for use in sorghum production) for crop safety and weed control when applied to three pearl millet hybrids. Averaged across two growing seasons, S -metolachlor applied preemergence alone or in combination with atrazine, mesotrione, or atrazine + mesotrione resulted in >95% injury to all three pearl millet hybrids at 28 d after application (DAA). Visible injury with acetochlor + atrazine applied preemergence ranged from 50% to 96% among hybrids at 28 DAA. Atrazine or mesotrione applied alone or in combination were safe (<5% injury) on all hybrids. All tested preemergence herbicides provided effective (≥90%) control of Palmer amaranth at 28 DAA, except S -metolachlor, which provided 86% control. The greatest green foxtail control (≥99%) was achieved with mesotrione and acetochlor in combination with atrazine applied preemergence. All three hybrids recorded the highest grain yields (4,370 to 5,870 kg ha −1 ) with atrazine and mesotrione applied separately, and when they were combined. These results suggested that atrazine, mesotrione, or a mixture of atrazine + mesotrione applied preemergence may be safely used for Palmer amaranth and green foxtail control with newly developed pearl millet hybrids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence S -metolachlor alone or with atrazine, mesotrione, or both caused greater than 95% injury to all hybrids at 28 days.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- S -metolachlor applied preemergence alone or in combination with atrazine, mesotrione, or atrazine + mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- >95%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after application (DAA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S -metolachlor applied preemergence alone or in combination with atrazine, mesotrione, or atrazine + mesotrione resulted in >95% injury to all three pearl millet hybrids at 28 d after application (DAA).”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence acetochlor plus atrazine caused 50% to 96% visible hybrid injury at 28 days.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- acetochlor + atrazine applied preemergencee0
- Outcome
- Visible injurye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50% to 96%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible injury with acetochlor + atrazine applied preemergence ranged from 50% to 96% among hybrids at 28 DAA.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine alone produced less than 5% injury on all hybrids.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Atrazinee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- <5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine or mesotrione applied alone or in combination were safe (<5% injury) on all hybrids.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesotrione alone produced less than 5% injury on all hybrids.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- <5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine or mesotrione applied alone or in combination were safe (<5% injury) on all hybrids.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine with mesotrione produced less than 5% injury on all hybrids.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Atrazine or mesotrione applied alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- <5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine or mesotrione applied alone or in combination were safe (<5% injury) on all hybrids.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested preemergence herbicides except S -metolachlor achieved at least 90% Palmer amaranth control.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- All tested preemergence herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- control of Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- ≥90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested preemergence herbicides provided effective (≥90%) control of Palmer amaranth at 28 DAA, except S -metolachlor, which provided 86% control.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
S -metolachlor provided 86% Palmer amaranth control.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- control of Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested preemergence herbicides provided effective (≥90%) control of Palmer amaranth at 28 DAA, except S -metolachlor, which provided 86% control.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence mesotrione with atrazine achieved at least 99% green foxtail control.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- mesotrione and acetochlor in combination with atrazine applied preemergencee0
- Interactor
- green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- green foxtail controle0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- ≥99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest green foxtail control (≥99%) was achieved with mesotrione and acetochlor in combination with atrazine applied preemergence.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest grain yields of 4,370 to 5,870 kg ha −1 occurred with separate or combined atrazine and mesotrione.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- atrazine and mesotrione applied separately, and when they were combinede0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4,370 to 5,870 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three hybrids recorded the highest grain yields (4,370 to 5,870 kg ha −1 ) with atrazine and mesotrione applied separately, and when they were combined.”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend preemergence atrazine, mesotrione, or their mixture for safe Palmer amaranth and green foxtail control in new pearl millet hybrids.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- atrazine, mesotrione, or a mixture of atrazine + mesotrione applied preemergencee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Second interactor
- green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- may be safely used for Palmer amaranth and green foxtail controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine, mesotrione, or a mixture of atrazine + mesotrione applied preemergence may be safely used for Palmer amaranth and green foxtail control with newly developed pearl millet hybrids.”
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.