Abstract
Abstract Soil nutrient heterogeneity has generally been shown to benefit alien plants more than native ones. However, whether drought, an important aspect of climate change, alters these effects remains an open question. We used a greenhouse experiment with two alien and two native herbaceous plants. Plants were grown either alone or in a mixture (one alien plant and one native plant) in homogeneous and heterogeneous soils, with or without drought. We found that shoot mass of the native plant Alternanthera sessilis and the alien plant Celosia argentea were 27.4% and 76.6% lower in heterogeneous soils than homogenous soils, respectively, indicating a negative effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity. However, these negative effects were eliminated when the plants were grown alone in drought conditions. In contrast, soil nutrient heterogeneity, drought, and competition had little effect on the growth of the native plant Achyranthes bidentata and the alien plant Amaranthus retroflexus. These results suggest that plant species differ in their growth responses to complex environmental changes. These results may have implications for understanding plant invasion outcomes in heterogeneous environments under global climate changes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Alternanthera sessilis shoot mass was 27.4% lower in heterogeneous than homogeneous soil.
- Taxon
- Alternanthera sessilis
Alternanthera sessilise0 - Treatment
- heterogeneous soilse0
- Outcome
- shoot masse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 27.4%e0
- Comparator
- homogenous soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot mass of the native plant Alternanthera sessilis and the alien plant Celosia argentea were 27.4% and 76.6% lower in heterogeneous soils than homogenous soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Celosia argentea shoot mass was 76.6% lower in heterogeneous than homogeneous soil.
- Taxon
- Celosia argentea
_W_IMG_0985.jpg?width=60)
Celosia argenteae0 - Treatment
- heterogeneous soilse0
- Outcome
- shoot masse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 76.6%e0
- Comparator
- homogenous soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_W_IMG_0985.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“shoot mass of the native plant Alternanthera sessilis and the alien plant Celosia argentea were 27.4% and 76.6% lower in heterogeneous soils than homogenous soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing alone under drought eliminated the negative heterogeneity effect on Alternanthera sessilis.
- Taxon
- Alternanthera sessilisAlternanthera sessilise1
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Qualifier
- grown alonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these negative effects were eliminated when the plants were grown alone in drought conditions.”
e1“the native plant Alternanthera sessilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing alone under drought eliminated the negative heterogeneity effect on Celosia argentea.
- Taxon
- Celosia argenteaCelosia argenteae1
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Qualifier
- grown alonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these negative effects were eliminated when the plants were grown alone in drought conditions.”
e1“the alien plant Celosia argentea”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterogeneity, drought and competition had little effect on Achyranthes bidentata growth.
- Taxon
- Achyranthes bidentata
Achyranthes bidentatae0 - Treatment
- soil nutrient heterogeneity, drought, and competitione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil nutrient heterogeneity, drought, and competition had little effect on the growth of the native plant Achyranthes bidentata”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterogeneity, drought and competition had little effect on Amaranthus retroflexus growth.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse0 - Treatment
- soil nutrient heterogeneity, drought, and competitione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil nutrient heterogeneity, drought, and competition had little effect on the growth of the native plant Achyranthes bidentata and the alien plant Amaranthus retroflexus”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →competition · growth · Achyranthes bidentataResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.