Abstract
Optimizing aeration, fertilization, and irrigation is vital for improving greenhouse tomato production while mitigating soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigated the combined effects of three aeration levels (A1: single Venturi, A2: double Venturi, CK: no aeration), two fertilization rates (F1: 180 kg/ha, F2: 240 kg/ha), and two irrigation levels (I1: 0.8 Epan, I2: 1.0 Epan) on tomato yield, CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, net GHG emissions, net global warming potential (NGWP), and GHG intensity (GHGI) across Spring–Summer and Autumn–Winter seasons. Results showed that aeration and fertilization significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions but reduced CH4 emissions. Warmer conditions in Spring–Summer elevated all GHG emissions and yield compared to Autumn–Winter seasons. Tomato yield, net GHG emissions, NGWP, and GHGI were 12.05%, 24.3%, 14.46%, and 2.37% higher, respectively, in Spring–Summer. Combining the Maximal Information Coefficient and TOPSIS models, the optimal practice was A1-F1-I1 in Spring–Summer and A2-F1-I1 in Autumn–Winter seasons. These results provide a theoretical basis for selecting climate-smart management strategies that enhance yield and environmental sustainability in greenhouse tomato systems.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration and fertilization significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions in greenhouse tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- aeration and fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- CO2 and N2O emissionse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e1“Results showed that aeration and fertilization significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions but reduced CH4 emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration and fertilization significantly reduced CH4 emissions in greenhouse tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- aeration and fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- CH4 emissionse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e1“Results showed that aeration and fertilization significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions but reduced CH4 emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer Spring–Summer conditions elevated all GHG emissions compared with Autumn–Winter seasons.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Warmer conditions in Spring–Summere2
- Outcome
- all GHG emissionse2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Comparator
- Autumn–Winter seasonse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e2“Warmer conditions in Spring–Summer elevated all GHG emissions and yield compared to Autumn–Winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was 12.05% higher in Spring–Summer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 12.05%e3
- Setting
- Spring–Summere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e3“Tomato yield, net GHG emissions, NGWP, and GHGI were 12.05%, 24.3%, 14.46%, and 2.37% higher, respectively, in Spring–Summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Net GHG emissions were 24.3% higher in Spring–Summer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- net GHG emissionse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 24.3%e3
- Setting
- Spring–Summere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e3“Tomato yield, net GHG emissions, NGWP, and GHGI were 12.05%, 24.3%, 14.46%, and 2.37% higher, respectively, in Spring–Summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Net global warming potential (NGWP) was 14.46% higher in Spring–Summer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e3“Tomato yield, net GHG emissions, NGWP, and GHGI were 12.05%, 24.3%, 14.46%, and 2.37% higher, respectively, in Spring–Summer”
Claim · model-written summary
GHG intensity (GHGI) was 2.37% higher in Spring–Summer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e3“Tomato yield, net GHG emissions, NGWP, and GHGI were 12.05%, 24.3%, 14.46%, and 2.37% higher, respectively, in Spring–Summer”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal practice in Spring–Summer was A1-F1-I1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- A1-F1-I1e4
- Outcome
- optimal practicee4
- Setting
- Spring–Summere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e4“Combining the Maximal Information Coefficient and TOPSIS models, the optimal practice was A1-F1-I1 in Spring–Summer and A2-F1-I1 in Autumn–Winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal practice in Autumn–Winter was A2-F1-I1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- A2-F1-I1e4
- Outcome
- optimal practicee4
- Setting
- Autumn–Winter seasonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving greenhouse tomato production”
e4“Combining the Maximal Information Coefficient and TOPSIS models, the optimal practice was A1-F1-I1 in Spring–Summer and A2-F1-I1 in Autumn–Winter seasons”