Abstract
Improving rice yield, eating quality, and zinc (Zn) nutrition is crucial to meet the growing demand for high-quality and nutritious food, while zinc itself plays a pivotal role in rice growth and quality formation. In this two-year field study, we investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) one-time foliar application at 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1 during the gestation stage on grain yield, rice quality, and zinc biofortification. Although some year-to-year variations and year × treatment interaction in the magnitude of these effects were observed, the positive responses to ZnO NPs were consistent across the two years. Results showed that ZnO NPs application increased grain yield by 1.40–4.62%, mainly supported by enhanced net photosynthetic rate and SPAD values after heading. Meanwhile, ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value (1.61–7.22%) and breakdown value (5.36–15.63%), while reducing chalkiness rate (5.73–18.62%), chalkiness degree (11.57–27.18%), amylose content (3.72–6.76%), and setback value (8.98–24.53%). Additionally, ZnO NPs markedly increased the zinc content (23.73–85.10% in brown rice; 29.07–103.07% in polished rice) and reduced the phytic acid to zinc molar ratio by 18.46–48.39%, improving zinc enrichment and bioavailability. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs foliar application is effective to simultaneously enhance grain productivity, rice quality, and zinc density.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased rice grain yield by 1.40–4.62%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.40–4.62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs application increased grain yield by 1.40–4.62%”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs enhanced net photosynthetic rate and SPAD after heading.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate and SPAD valuese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- after headinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“mainly supported by enhanced net photosynthetic rate and SPAD values after heading”
e1“ZnO NPs application increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs enhanced rice taste value by 1.61–7.22%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value (1.61–7.22%) and breakdown value (5.36–15.63%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs enhanced rice breakdown value by 5.36–15.63%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- breakdown valuee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 5.36–15.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value (1.61–7.22%) and breakdown value (5.36–15.63%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs reduced rice chalkiness rate by 5.73–18.62%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- chalkiness ratee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 5.73–18.62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“while reducing chalkiness rate (5.73–18.62%), chalkiness degree (11.57–27.18%), amylose content (3.72–6.76%), and setback value (8.98–24.53%)”
e1“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs reduced rice chalkiness degree by 11.57–27.18%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- chalkiness degreee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 11.57–27.18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“while reducing chalkiness rate (5.73–18.62%), chalkiness degree (11.57–27.18%), amylose content (3.72–6.76%), and setback value (8.98–24.53%)”
e1“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs reduced rice amylose content by 3.72–6.76%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 3.72–6.76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“while reducing chalkiness rate (5.73–18.62%), chalkiness degree (11.57–27.18%), amylose content (3.72–6.76%), and setback value (8.98–24.53%)”
e1“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs reduced rice setback value by 8.98–24.53%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- setback valuee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 8.98–24.53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“while reducing chalkiness rate (5.73–18.62%), chalkiness degree (11.57–27.18%), amylose content (3.72–6.76%), and setback value (8.98–24.53%)”
e1“ZnO NPs significantly enhanced taste value”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased zinc content in brown rice by 23.73–85.10%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- brown ricee0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- zinc contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.73–85.10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs markedly increased the zinc content (23.73–85.10% in brown rice; 29.07–103.07% in polished rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased zinc content in polished rice by 29.07–103.07%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- polished ricee0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- zinc contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.07–103.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs markedly increased the zinc content (23.73–85.10% in brown rice; 29.07–103.07% in polished rice)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs reduced the phytic acid to zinc molar ratio by 18.46–48.39%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- phytic acid to zinc molar ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.46–48.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ZnO NPs markedly increased the zinc content (23.73–85.10% in brown rice; 29.07–103.07% in polished rice) and reduced the phytic acid to zinc molar ratio by 18.46–48.39%”
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See all 80 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.