Abstract
The experiments were conducted in clay soil at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Basrah (Karmat Ali Campus) in July 2022. The study aimed to assess the effect of various tillage systems on soil compaction, grain yield, and energy use efficiency in maize production. The experiment was organized in a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with four tillage systems namely: CTm (moldboard plow + spike teeth rollers), CTs (chisel plow + disk harrow), DP (subsoiler + spike teeth rollers), and RT (disk harrow + spike teeth rollers). Results indicated that deep tillage (DP) gave the lowest soil penetration resistance value of 1.15 MPa compared to CTm, CTs, and RT by 26.75, 20.69, and 40.41% respectively. Soil penetration resistance was increased by 46.56% at the end of the season compared to the beginning season. The results also showed that DP and RT exhibited the highest and lowest maize grain yield values of 5820 and 4225 kg respectively. Energy analysis showed that DP recorded the highest energy efficiency of 8.02% and a net energy value of 85082.27 MJ ha-1. In contrast, the RT system obtained the lowest energy consumption efficiency of 6.29% and a net energy value of 59347.54 MJ ha-1. Irrigation and fuel-oil consumption are the most energy-intensive inputs. The results showed that DP is significantly efficient in productivity and energy use efficiency in maize production. DP was the most effective strategy to increase maize yield and energy efficiency, making it the most favourable option for field performance in maize farming.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage gave the lowest soil penetration resistance, 1.15 MPa.
- Treatment
- deep tillage (DP)e0
- Outcome
- soil penetration resistancee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.15 MPae0
- Comparator
- CTm, CTs, and RTe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deep tillage (DP) gave the lowest soil penetration resistance value of 1.15 MPa compared to CTm, CTs, and RT by 26.75, 20.69, and 40.41% respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil penetration resistance increased 46.56% by season end.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil penetration resistance was increased by 46.56% at the end of the season compared to the beginning season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage had the highest maize grain yield of 5820 kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP and RT exhibited the highest and lowest maize grain yield values of 5820 and 4225 kg respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
RT had the lowest maize grain yield of 4225 kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP and RT exhibited the highest and lowest maize grain yield values of 5820 and 4225 kg respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
DP had the highest energy efficiency of 8.02%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP recorded the highest energy efficiency of 8.02% and a net energy value of 85082.27 MJ ha-1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
DP net energy was 85082.27 MJ ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP recorded the highest energy efficiency of 8.02% and a net energy value of 85082.27 MJ ha-1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RT had the lowest energy consumption efficiency of 6.29%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RT system obtained the lowest energy consumption efficiency of 6.29% and a net energy value of 59347.54 MJ ha-1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RT net energy was 59347.54 MJ ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RT system obtained the lowest energy consumption efficiency of 6.29% and a net energy value of 59347.54 MJ ha-1.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and fuel-oil were the most energy-intensive inputs.
- Outcome
- most energy-intensive inputse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation and fuel-oil consumption are the most energy-intensive inputs.”
Claim · model-written summary
DP was significantly efficient for productivity and energy use.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP is significantly efficient in productivity and energy use efficiency in maize production.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favored DP for maize yield and energy efficiency.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DP was the most effective strategy to increase maize yield and energy efficiency, making it the most favourable option for field performance in maize farming.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.