Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the role of honey bees in promoting agricultural sustainability through pollination, enhancing global crop productivity and food security. Methodology: Research was conducted across three agricultural sites: site with reared bees near MPH (within 200 m) highway; site with reared bees MP 3 km away from highway and site with wild, native bees (WP, 5 km away from highway). Observations focused on floral visitors, their foraging behaviour, plant fitness, and impact on fruit set. Results: Apis mellifera was found to be the most frequent visitor at MPH and MP site. However, A. dorsata was the most frequent visitor at WP site. Fields with reared bee hives (MPH and MP) had a higher count of floral visitors (5.42 at MPH; 4.5 at MP) compared to natural field (1.12 WP) without reared bee hives. The number of flowers visited per plant and plants visited in a bout was higher at MPH and MP as compared to WP. MPH and MP sites exhibited reduced flower handling time as compared to WP site. Siliqua (pod) per plant (83.05), seed number per siliqua (26.8) and seed weight (0.094 gm) were found highest at MP site (55.23 %, 44.47%, 17.5% higher compared to the WP site and 24.85%, 7.2%, 62.06% higher compared to MPH). Interpretation: Findings confirmed that reared bee pollination surpasses reliance on wild honey bees alone for effective pollination. The management of reared bees (A. mellifera) in agricultural practices would be an essential requirement for pollination services in mustard crops when the availability of wild, native bees is limited. Key words: Brassica juncea, Crop production, Reared honey bees, Wild pollinators
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A. mellifera was the most frequent visitor at MPH and MP.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Interactor
- Apis mellifera
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis melliferae0pollinator - Outcome
- most frequent visitore0
- Setting
- MPH and MP sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Apis mellifera was found to be the most frequent visitor at MPH and MP site.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
A. dorsata was the most frequent visitor at WP.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Interactor
- A. dorsata
Apis dorsatae0pollinator - Outcome
- most frequent visitore0
- Setting
- WP sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. dorsata was the most frequent visitor at WP site.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
MPH fields with reared hives had more floral visitors than WP, 5.42 versus 1.12.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- reared bee hivese0
- Outcome
- count of floral visitorse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.42e0
- Qualifier
- 1.12 WPe0
- Comparator
- natural fielde0
- Setting
- MPHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fields with reared bee hives (MPH and MP) had a higher count of floral visitors (5.42 at MPH; 4.5 at MP) compared to natural field (1.12 WP) without reared bee hives.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
MP fields with reared hives had more floral visitors than WP, 4.5 versus 1.12.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- reared bee hivese0
- Outcome
- count of floral visitorse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.5e0
- Qualifier
- 1.12 WPe0
- Comparator
- natural fielde0
- Setting
- MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fields with reared bee hives (MPH and MP) had a higher count of floral visitors (5.42 at MPH; 4.5 at MP) compared to natural field (1.12 WP) without reared bee hives.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers visited per plant were higher at MPH and MP than WP.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- flowers visited per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WPe0
- Setting
- MPH and MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of flowers visited per plant and plants visited in a bout was higher at MPH and MP as compared to WP.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants visited per bout were higher at MPH and MP than WP.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- plants visited in a boute0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WPe0
- Setting
- MPH and MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of flowers visited per plant and plants visited in a bout was higher at MPH and MP as compared to WP.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower handling time was lower at MPH and MP than WP.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- flower handling timee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- WP sitee0
- Setting
- MPH and MP sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MPH and MP sites exhibited reduced flower handling time as compared to WP site.”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pods per plant peaked at MP at 83.05.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- Siliqua (pod) per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83.05e0
- Setting
- MP sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Siliqua (pod) per plant (83.05), seed number per siliqua (26.8) and seed weight (0.094 gm) were found highest at MP site (55.23 %, 44.47%, 17.5% higher compared to the WP site and 24.85%, 7.2%, 62.06% higher compared to MPH).”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds per pod peaked at MP at 26.8.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- seed number per siliquae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 26.8e0
- Setting
- MP sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Siliqua (pod) per plant (83.05), seed number per siliqua (26.8) and seed weight (0.094 gm) were found highest at MP site (55.23 %, 44.47%, 17.5% higher compared to the WP site and 24.85%, 7.2%, 62.06% higher compared to MPH).”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight peaked at MP at 0.094 gm.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.094 gme0
- Setting
- MP sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Siliqua (pod) per plant (83.05), seed number per siliqua (26.8) and seed weight (0.094 gm) were found highest at MP site (55.23 %, 44.47%, 17.5% higher compared to the WP site and 24.85%, 7.2%, 62.06% higher compared to MPH).”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend managing reared bees for mustard pollination when wild bees are limited.
- Taxon
- mustard cropse0
- Interactor
- A. melliferaApis melliferae0pollinator
- Outcome
- management of reared bees (A. mellifera) in agricultural practicese0
- Qualifier
- when the availability of wild, native bees is limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The management of reared bees (A. mellifera) in agricultural practices would be an essential requirement for pollination services in mustard crops when the availability of wild, native bees is limited.”