Paper · 2025 · Agronomy Journal

Cotton response to row pattern and plant density: Part I—Development and yield

William J. Rutland; Brian K. Pieralisi; Darrin M. Dodds; et al.

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract The ability of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to compensate for lower plant densities and 2 × 1 skip row patterns has been evaluated by numerous studies. Studies were conducted to determine if cotton yield can be maintained in a 1 × 1 skip row pattern and across plant densities to increase profit margins. Cotton growth, development, and yield were investigated in an irrigated production system in Starkville, MS, on a Leaper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, and thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and in Stoneville, MS, on a Beulah very fine sandy loam (coarse‐loamy, mixed, active, and thermic Typic Dystrudepts). Row patterns consisted of solid planted and 1 × 1 skip row pattern, and plant density consisted of 37,065, 74,130, 111,195, and 148,260 plants ha −1 . Skip row pattern and lower plant density reduced plant height. Total node and nodes above cracked boll were reduced as plant density increased. There was an interaction between location, year, and pattern, as well as year and plant density, with respect to yield. At three of four site years, solid row pattern produced greater yield in comparison to skip row pattern. However, row pattern and plant density had no effect on yield when pooled over location and year. Net returns varied by location and row pattern. Skip row produced a greater net return in Stoneville when compared to solid planting pattern; however, in Starkville, a greater net return was produced with solid planting pattern. Increased plant density did not increase profit margin due to increased seed costs.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Skip rows and low density reduced plant height.

Treatment
Skip row pattern and lower plant densitye0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Skip row pattern and lower plant density reduced plant height.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 781–843 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher density reduced total nodes and nodes above cracked boll.

Treatment
plant density increasede0
Outcome
Total node and nodes above cracked bolle0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Total node and nodes above cracked boll were reduced as plant density increased.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 844–924 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield showed location-by-year-by-pattern and year-by-density interactions.

Treatment
plant densitye0
Outcome
yielde0
Setting
locatione0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was an interaction between location, year, and pattern, as well as year and plant density, with respect to yield.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 925–1044 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Solid rows yielded more in three of four site years.

Treatment
solid row patterne0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
skip row patterne0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At three of four site years, solid row pattern produced greater yield in comparison to skip row pattern.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1045–1149 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pooled yield was unaffected by row pattern or density.

Treatment
row pattern and plant densitye0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
no effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“row pattern and plant density had no effect on yield when pooled over location and year.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1159–1247 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Net returns varied with location and row pattern.

Treatment
row patterne0
Outcome
Net returnse0
Setting
locatione0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Net returns varied by location and row pattern.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1248–1295 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Skip rows gave higher net returns in Stoneville.

Treatment
Skip rowe0
Outcome
net returne0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
solid planting patterne0
Setting
Stonevillee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Skip row produced a greater net return in Stoneville when compared to solid planting pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1296–1388 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Solid planting gave higher net returns in Starkville.

Treatment
solid planting patterne0
Outcome
net returne0
Direction
greatere0
Setting
Starkvillee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in Starkville, a greater net return was produced with solid planting pattern.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1399–1476 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing density did not raise profit margin because seed costs increased.

Treatment
Increased plant densitye0
Outcome
profit margine0
Direction
did not increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Increased plant density did not increase profit margin due to increased seed costs.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1477–1560 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–6 · show in text ↑

density · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

46 papers: 39 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

density · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

171 papers: 130 positive, 41 negative or no effect

40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 130 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. positive

167 papers more in this group

See all 171 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.