Abstract
This research elucidates the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial efficacy ofXeroderris stuhlmannii stem bark extracts, validating its traditional medicinal use. Sequentialsolvent extraction yielded methanol as the most prolific solvent (3.63% w/w), suggesting ahigh concentration of polar metabolites. Phytochemical screening confirmed a diverse array ofbioactive secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids,saponins, tannins, and glycosides. Antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated significant, solventdependent activity, with the dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibiting superior and broadspectrum efficacy. The DCM extract showed a maximum inhibition zone of 30 mm againstSalmonella typhi and potent activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of this bioactive DCM extract identified 27 compounds. Themajor constituents were dibutyl phthalate (38.52%), a known antimicrobial agent; lupeol(11.29%), a triterpenoid with well-documented pharmacological properties; and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (8.53%). The high abundance of these bioactive compounds correlatesdirectly with the observed potent antimicrobial activity. These findings conclusively identifyXeroderris stuhlmannii stem bark as a rich source of natural antimicrobial compounds,supporting its ethnobotanical applications and underscoring its potential for development intonovel therapeutic agents.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol gave the highest extraction yield, 3.63% w/w.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmannii
Aganope stuhlmanniit0 - Outcome
- most prolific solvente0
- Direction
- most prolifice0
- Value
- 3.63% w/we0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methanol as the most prolific solvent (3.63% w/w)”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
Screening found multiple secondary metabolite classes.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- alkaloids, flavonoids, steroidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids,saponins, tannins, and glycosides”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
The dichloromethane extract had superior broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- broadspectrum efficacye0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibiting superior and broadspectrum efficacy”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
The DCM extract produced a maximum 30 mm inhibition zone against Salmonella typhi.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DCM extract showed a maximum inhibition zone of 30 mm againstSalmonella typhi”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
The DCM extract was active against four other named bacteria.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- potent activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potent activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
GC-MS identified 27 compounds in the DCM extract.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- compoundse0
- Value
- 27 compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioactive DCM extract identified 27 compounds”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
Dibutyl phthalate was a major constituent at 38.52%.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- dibutyl phthalatee0
- Value
- 38.52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dibutyl phthalate (38.52%)”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
Lupeol was a major constituent at 11.29%.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- lupeole0
- Value
- 11.29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lupeol(11.29%)”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”
Claim · model-written summary
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was a major constituent at 8.53%.
- Taxon
- Xeroderris stuhlmanniiAganope stuhlmanniit0
- Outcome
- bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalatee0
- Value
- 8.53%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (8.53%)”
t0“Xeroderris stuhlmanniiStem Bark”