Abstract
Thermal stress is a consequence of climate change that threatens food security, causes plant tissue damage, and harms crop production, particularly during the pollination and fertilization period and in grain-filling stages negatively impacting the number of grains, grain size, and quality. Genotype-environment interaction (GEN: ENV) complicates the selection of optimal wheat genotypes due to the complex genetic basis of yield under varying conditions. Diversified approaches were put forth in response to the pressing demand for simultaneous enhancements in high-yield performance combined with stability. This study investigates the selection of ideal wheat genotypes under thermal stress and complex GEN: ENV using stability analyses and selection indices to assess genotype performance and stability. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated across optimal conditions (OC) and thermal stress conditions (TSC) over three growing seasons with six ENVs. Results demonstrated significant GEN: ENV, revealing genetic variations in thermal tolerance. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI2) biplot indicated a combined variance of 99.00%, and eleven genotypes showed stable grain yield (GY) with six ENVs, three (G05, G09, and G17) were more stable. The G04, G05, G06, G09, and G18 genotypes were chosen for GY as perfect (stable and high-performance) genotypes by weighted average of absolute scores biplot (WAASB) and were also identified as the best genotypes group by WAASB-GY, with the exception of G18. Ten selection indices showed significant positive associations under GY oc and GY tsc , so they can be leveraged to detect the genotype’s high yield of GY tsc indirectly. The heritability, accuracy, and r gen: env values for most indices were high, indicating a major role of the genotypic effect in their inheritance, with the exception of the stress-non-stress production index (SNPI) index. Out of the five that were examined by WAASB, G04, G05, G06, and G09 were the top-ranking genotypes by the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index, either before or after removing variables. This suggests that they could be examined for validation stability measures. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for ENVs variety selection, facilitating the identification of improved cultivars and supporting the development of thermal stress-resilient breeding programs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by environment interaction was significant, indicating variation in thermal tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- GEN: ENVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated significant GEN: ENV, revealing genetic variations in thermal tolerance.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMMI2 biplot indicated combined variance of 99.00%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- combined variancee0
- Value
- 99.00%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI2) biplot indicated a combined variance of 99.00%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven genotypes had stable grain yield across six environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stable grain yielde0
- Value
- eleven genotypese0
- Setting
- six ENVse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eleven genotypes showed stable grain yield (GY) with six ENVs”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
G05, G09 and G17 were more stable.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- G05, G09, and G17e0
- Outcome
- stablee0
- Direction
- more stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three (G05, G09, and G17) were more stable”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
WAASB selected G04, G05, G06, G09 and G18 for stable high grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- G04, G05, G06, G09, and G18e0
- Outcome
- stable and high-performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The G04, G05, G06, G09, and G18 genotypes were chosen for GY as perfect (stable and high-performance) genotypes by weighted average of absolute scores biplot (WAASB)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
WAASB-GY identified the same best group except G18.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- best genotypes groupe0
- Comparator
- G18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were also identified as the best genotypes group by WAASB-GY, with the exception of G18”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten selection indices were significantly positively associated under optimal and thermal stress grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- positive associationse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- GY oc and GY tsce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten selection indices showed significant positive associations under GY oc and GY tsc”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most indices had high heritability, accuracy and genotype by environment correlation, except SNPI.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- heritability, accuracy, and r gen: env valuese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of the stress-non-stress production index (SNPI) indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The heritability, accuracy, and r gen: env values for most indices were high, indicating a major role of the genotypic effect in their inheritance, with the exception of the stress-non-stress production index (SNPI) index.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The multi-trait index ranked G04, G05, G06 and G09 highest both before and after variable removal.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- G04, G05, G06, and G09e0
- Outcome
- top-ranking genotypese0
- Comparator
- before or after removing variablese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G04, G05, G06, and G09 were the top-ranking genotypes by the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index, either before or after removing variables.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest validating stability measures for G04, G05, G06 and G09.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- G04, G05, G06, and G09e1
- Outcome
- examined for validation stability measurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suggests that they could be examined for validation stability measures.”
e1“G04, G05, G06, and G09 were the top-ranking genotypes”
t0“wheat”