Abstract
Nematode infections cause severe damage to crops like eggplants. Information on the effects of nematodes on scarlet eggplant is rare. This study investigated the effect of soil amendments on soil nematodes population densities under garden eggplants. The completely randomized block design with replicated treatments was utilized. The trials were conducted in a field infested with four nematode species: Meloidogyne, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, and Pratylenchus. Number of nematodes per plot were extracted, plant height was measured with tape, and number of leaves were counted. Biochar (10 tons ha-1 (100%)) excelled in the control of these nematodes, followed by cow dung (100%) and Bauhinia purpurea (100%), then cow dung (5 tons ha-1 (50%)), and Bauhinia sp. (50%). Hoplolaimus sp. multiplied or survived most, particularly on biochar (50%) followed by Pratylenchus sp. on Bauhinia sp. (50%). All treatments had similar nematode populations. At 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT), cow dung 50%, Bauhinia sp. 100%, and Bauhinia sp. 50% induced the production of taller plants than the control. At 5 WAT, cow dung 50% was the best material for producing taller plants followed by Bauhinia sp. 100% and Bauhinia sp. 50% then biochar (50 and 100%). At 3 WAT, all organic control agents performed better than control, except for biochar. At 4 WAT, all the organic control agents except biochar 50% performed better than control. Finally, at 5 WAT best control material was cow dung 100% followed by Bauhinia sp. (100%), Bauhinia sp. (50%), biochar (100%), and cow dung (50%). These amendments are all recommended.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 100% gave the strongest nematode control.
- Taxon
- Garden Eggplantt0
- Treatment
- Biochar (10 tons ha-1 (100%))e0
- Outcome
- control of these nematodese0
- Direction
- excellede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Biochar (10 tons ha-1 (100%)) excelled in the control of these nematodes”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow dung at 100% ranked next for nematode control.
- Taxon
- Garden Eggplantt0
- Treatment
- cow dung (100%)e0
- Outcome
- control of these nematodese1
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“followed by cow dung (100%)”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
e1“excelled in the control of these nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Bauhinia purpurea at 100% ranked after cow dung for nematode control.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“and Bauhinia purpurea (100%)”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
e1“excelled in the control of these nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoplolaimus survived or multiplied most, particularly with biochar 50%.
- Taxon
- Garden Eggplantt0
- Treatment
- biochar (50%)e0
- Interactor
- Hoplolaimus sp.Hoplolaimuse0pest
- Outcome
- Hoplolaimus sp. multiplied or survivede0
Verbatim
e0“Hoplolaimus sp. multiplied or survived most, particularly on biochar (50%)”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pratylenchus survival or multiplication was next on Bauhinia 50%.
- Taxon
- Garden Eggplantt0
- Treatment
- Bauhinia sp. (50%)e0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus sp.
Pratylenchuse0pest - Outcome
- Pratylenchus sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Pratylenchus sp. on Bauhinia sp. (50%)”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode populations were similar across all treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All treatments had similar nematode populations”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 WAT, cow dung 50% produced taller plants than control.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT), cow dung 50%, Bauhinia sp. 100%, and Bauhinia sp. 50% induced the production of taller plants than the control”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 WAT, Bauhinia sp. 100% produced taller plants than control.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT), cow dung 50%, Bauhinia sp. 100%, and Bauhinia sp. 50% induced the production of taller plants than the control”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 WAT, Bauhinia sp. 50% produced taller plants than control.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT), cow dung 50%, Bauhinia sp. 100%, and Bauhinia sp. 50% induced the production of taller plants than the control”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 WAT, cow dung 50% was best for taller plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At 5 WAT, cow dung 50% was the best material for producing taller plants”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 WAT, organic control agents except biochar performed better than control.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 WAT, all organic control agents performed better than control, except for biochar”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAT, organic control agents except biochar 50% performed better than control.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAT, all the organic control agents except biochar 50% performed better than control”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 WAT, cow dung 100% was the best control material.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“at 5 WAT best control material was cow dung 100%”
t0“Garden Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend all tested amendments.
Verbatim
e0“These amendments are all recommended”
t0“Garden Eggplant”