Integrated Review of Akebia Fruits: Botany, Bioactive Properties, Processing Innovations, and Post-Harvest Cracking Challenges

Abstract

Akebia fruits, rich in bioactive compounds, have garnered increasing interest due to their nutritional, medicinal, and industrial potential. Despite this growing attention, few reviews provide a comprehensive synthesis of their botany, phytopharmacology, and industrial applications. Existing literature mainly focuses on ethnopharmacology and genetic diversity, leaving technological, commercial, and processing aspects underexplored. This review addresses these gaps by comprehensively summarizing research on Akebia, integrating historical and contemporary studies on plant characteristics, bioactive compounds (such as polyphenols, including flavonoids and saponins), pharmacological properties (including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities), and industrial applications. Recent advancements in extraction techniques – such as enzymatic-assisted and microwave-assisted methods – are highlighted for their role in enhancing compound recovery and supporting applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, the susceptibility of Akebia fruits to post-harvest cracking poses a significant challenge, limiting shelf life and market value. Novel solutions, such as molecular breeding and controlled atmosphere storage, show promise in addressing these preservation issues. Further research is needed to optimize processing methods, develop innovative products, and expand Akebia’s commercial potential as a multifunctional natural resource.

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