Abstract
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) remains a major constraint to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in Cameroon. This study aimed to generate updated epidemiological data on CMD across the country. Surveys were conducted in 342 fields across the ten administrative regions of Cameroon between January and September 2022, following a standardized protocol adopted by all fourteen countries participating in the Central and West African Virus Epidemiology for Food Security (WAVE) program. In each field, 30 plants were assessed for CMD incidence, severity, whitefly population, and mode of infection. CMD symptoms were observed in all ten regions. The overall mean CMD incidence was 54.72%, with a mean severity score of 2.39. Incidence, severity, and whitefly populations varied significantly among regions. The South Region recorded the highest mean incidence (74.34%), while the Far North had the lowest (18.97%). The Adamawa Region exhibited the highest mean severity (2.63), whereas the South West Region had the lowest (2.19). Whitefly abundance per plant was greatest in the South West (21.44) and lowest in the Far North (0.40). PCR amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) in leaf samples. A positive correlation was detected between mean whitefly abundance and CMD incidence, while altitude was negatively correlated with whitefly numbers. Both CMD incidence and whitefly populations were higher in intercropped fields than in monocropped fields. Notably, intercropping cassava with maize reduced whitefly populations, while intercropping with sweet potato lowered CMD incidence. The primary source of CMD infection was the use of infected cuttings. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions and improved management strategies for CMD in Cameroon.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
CMD symptoms occurred in all ten regions.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Outcome
- CMD symptomse0
- Setting
- all ten regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMD symptoms were observed in all ten regions.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean CMD incidence was 54.72%.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Value
- 54.72%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall mean CMD incidence was 54.72%, with a mean severity score of 2.39.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean CMD severity score was 2.39.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- severity scoree0
- Value
- 2.39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall mean CMD incidence was 54.72%, with a mean severity score of 2.39.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
CMD incidence, severity and whitefly populations differed significantly among regions.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- Incidence, severity, and whitefly populationse0
- Setting
- regionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence, severity, and whitefly populations varied significantly among regions.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
South Region had highest CMD incidence at 74.34%.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- mean incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 74.34%e0
- Setting
- South Regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The South Region recorded the highest mean incidence (74.34%), while the Far North had the lowest (18.97%).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Far North had lowest CMD incidence at 18.97%.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- mean incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 18.97%e0
- Setting
- Far Northe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The South Region recorded the highest mean incidence (74.34%), while the Far North had the lowest (18.97%).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Adamawa had highest CMD severity at 2.63.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- mean severitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.63e0
- Setting
- Adamawa Regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Adamawa Region exhibited the highest mean severity (2.63), whereas the South West Region had the lowest (2.19).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
South West had lowest CMD severity at 2.19.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- mean severitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.19e0
- Setting
- South West Regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Adamawa Region exhibited the highest mean severity (2.63), whereas the South West Region had the lowest (2.19).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
South West had greatest whitefly abundance at 21.44 per plant.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- Whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- Whitefly abundance per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 21.44e0
- Setting
- South Weste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whitefly abundance per plant was greatest in the South West (21.44) and lowest in the Far North (0.40).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Far North had lowest whitefly abundance at 0.40 per plant.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- Whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- Whitefly abundance per plante0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.40e0
- Setting
- Far Northe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whitefly abundance per plant was greatest in the South West (21.44) and lowest in the Far North (0.40).”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava mosaic geminiviruses were confirmed in leaves.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf samplese0
- Interactor
- cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCR amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) in leaf samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly abundance correlated positively with CMD incidence.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was detected between mean whitefly abundance and CMD incidence, while altitude was negatively correlated with whitefly numbers.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Altitude correlated negatively with whitefly numbers.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly numberse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was detected between mean whitefly abundance and CMD incidence, while altitude was negatively correlated with whitefly numbers.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
CMD incidence was higher in intercropped than monocropped fields.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- monocropped fieldse0
- Setting
- intercropped fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both CMD incidence and whitefly populations were higher in intercropped fields than in monocropped fields.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly populations were higher in intercropped than monocropped fields.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- monocropped fieldse0
- Setting
- intercropped fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both CMD incidence and whitefly populations were higher in intercropped fields than in monocropped fields.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping reduced whitefly populations.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- intercropping cassava with maizee0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, intercropping cassava with maize reduced whitefly populations, while intercropping with sweet potato lowered CMD incidence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet potato intercropping lowered CMD incidence.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- intercropping with sweet potatoe0
- Outcome
- CMD incidencee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, intercropping cassava with maize reduced whitefly populations, while intercropping with sweet potato lowered CMD incidence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected cuttings were the primary CMD infection source.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- primary source of CMD infectione0
- Qualifier
- use of infected cuttingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The primary source of CMD infection was the use of infected cuttings.”
t0“cassava”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays · pest · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
intercropping · pest · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →intercropping · disease · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.