Abstract
The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi secretes effectors into plant cells to promote infection. This study identified two venom allergen-like proteins, HfVAP1 and HfVAP2, which contain secretory signal peptides and are specifically expressed in subventral gland cells. These two proteins inhibit programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and interact with TaCAT3-A1, a key hydrogen peroxide-scavenging catalase in wheat. Notably, HfVAP2 stabilized TaCAT3-A1 and enhanced its enzymatic activity. Knockout of TaCAT3-A1 in wheat led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes, and suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathway, resulting in enhanced resistance to H. filipjevi . Our findings reveal that H. filipjevi secretes HfVAP2 to stabilize TaCAT3-A1, thereby suppressing ROS accumulation and PRs expression, while activating the JA signal pathway to facilitate nematode infection. This study provides new insights into the molecular strategies employed by cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) to manipulate host immunity.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
HfVAP1 and HfVAP2 were identified as secretory proteins expressed in subventral gland cells.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Gene
- HfVAP1 and HfVAP2e0
- Outcome
- secretory signal peptides and are specifically expressed in subventral gland cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified two venom allergen-like proteins, HfVAP1 and HfVAP2, which contain secretory signal peptides and are specifically expressed in subventral gland cells.”
e1“in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
HfVAP1 and HfVAP2 inhibited programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- These two proteinse0
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two proteins inhibit programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
HfVAP1 and HfVAP2 interacted with wheat TaCAT3-A1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- interact with TaCAT3-A1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and interact with TaCAT3-A1, a key hydrogen peroxide-scavenging catalase in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
HfVAP2 stabilized wheat TaCAT3-A1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- stabilized TaCAT3-A1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HfVAP2 stabilized TaCAT3-A1”
e1“in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
HfVAP2 enhanced wheat TaCAT3-A1 enzymatic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HfVAP2 stabilized TaCAT3-A1 and enhanced its enzymatic activity.”
e1“in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
TaCAT3-A1 knockout increased reactive oxygen species accumulation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Knockout of TaCAT3-A1e0
- Gene
- TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knockout of TaCAT3-A1 in wheat led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
Claim · model-written summary
TaCAT3-A1 knockout upregulated pathogen-related genes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Knockout of TaCAT3-A1e0
- Gene
- pathogen-related (PR) genese0
- Outcome
- upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knockout of TaCAT3-A1 in wheat led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes”
Claim · model-written summary
TaCAT3-A1 knockout suppressed the jasmonic acid signal pathway in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Knockout of TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathwaye0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knockout of TaCAT3-A1 in wheat led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes, and suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
TaCAT3-A1 knockout enhanced wheat resistance to H. filipjevi.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Knockout of TaCAT3-A1e0
- Interactor
- H. filipjeviHeterodera filipjevie0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to H. filipjevie0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knockout of TaCAT3-A1 in wheat led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes, and suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathway, resulting in enhanced resistance to H. filipjevi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that HfVAP2 stabilization of TaCAT3-A1 suppresses ROS accumulation and PR expression while activating JA signaling to facilitate infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- H. filipjeviHeterodera filipjevie0pathogen
- Gene
- TaCAT3-A1e0
- Outcome
- nematode infectione0
- Qualifier
- suppressing ROS accumulation and PRs expression, while activating the JA signal pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. filipjevi secretes HfVAP2 to stabilize TaCAT3-A1, thereby suppressing ROS accumulation and PRs expression, while activating the JA signal pathway to facilitate nematode infection.”
e1“in wheat.”