Abstract
Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as kalmegh is a highly valued medicinal plant. Pot-grown plants were subjected to water stress at vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stage by withholding water supply, followed by rewatering to facilitate recovery. Plants at the flowering and fruiting stage were particularly sensitive to drought stress compared to those at the vegetative stage. The plants were analysed for four diterpenoid compounds, namely andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, neoandrographolide, and andrograpanin. In plants subjected to stress at the vegetative and flowering stage, total andrographolide content increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), by as much as 37% and 44%, respectively, over the levels in the control following 6 or more days of exposure, but remained unaffected in plants subjected to stress at the fruiting stage. Across all three stages, a significant decrease was observed in dry weight, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, conductance, and transpiration. Total andrographolide content was negatively correlated to dry weight, RWC, and rate of photosynthesis. These findings are useful in (1) identifying the ideal harvesting stage to achieve peak levels of bioactive compounds, (2) scheduling irrigation more efficiently to minimise yield loss due to water stress and maximise the content of bioactive compounds, and (3) developing stress-tolerant genotypes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering and fruiting plants were more drought sensitive than vegetative plants.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculata
_in_Narshapur_forest%2C_AP_W2_IMG_0867.jpg?width=60)
Andrographis paniculatat0 - Organ / stage
- flowering and fruiting stagee0
- Outcome
- sensitive to drought stresse0
- Direction
- particularly sensitivee0
- Comparator
- vegetative stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_in_Narshapur_forest%2C_AP_W2_IMG_0867.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plants at the flowering and fruiting stage were particularly sensitive to drought stress compared to those at the vegetative stage”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress at the vegetative stage increased total andrographolide content by as much as 37% versus control.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetativee0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- total andrographolide contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 or more days of exposuree0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants subjected to stress at the vegetative and flowering stage, total andrographolide content increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), by as much as 37% and 44%, respectively, over the levels in the control following 6 or more days of exposure”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress at flowering increased total andrographolide content by as much as 44% versus control.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- total andrographolide contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 or more days of exposuree0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants subjected to stress at the vegetative and flowering stage, total andrographolide content increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), by as much as 37% and 44%, respectively, over the levels in the control following 6 or more days of exposure”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress at fruiting left total andrographolide content unaffected.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Organ / stage
- fruiting stagee0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- remained unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but remained unaffected in plants subjected to stress at the fruiting stage”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased dry weight across all three stages.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- Across all three stagese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all three stages, a significant decrease was observed in dry weight, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, conductance, and transpiration”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased relative water content across all three stages.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- Across all three stagese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all three stages, a significant decrease was observed in dry weight, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, conductance, and transpiration”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration across all three stages.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, conductance, and transpiratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- Across all three stagese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all three stages, a significant decrease was observed in dry weight, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, conductance, and transpiration”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Total andrographolide content was negatively correlated with dry weight, relative water content and photosynthesis rate.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- Total andrographolide contente0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- dry weight, RWC, and rate of photosynthesise0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total andrographolide content was negatively correlated to dry weight, RWC, and rate of photosynthesis”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”