Abstract
Efficient nitrogen management is essential for enhancing rice productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. Overdependence on conventional urea often leads to suboptimal crop response and significant nitrogen losses to the environment. To address this, a field experiment was conducted during the 2023 rainy season in the Inner Terai region of Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal, to assess the effect of integrating conventional granular urea with nano-urea on the growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6). The study included eight treatments: a control, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) using ures, and six combinations of 75% or 50% RDN with nano-urea applied at vegetative and/or booting stages. Growth and yield parameters such as plant height, tiller number, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, grain and straw yield, filled grains per panicle, and sterility percentage were measured. The highest grain yield (4.38 t ha-1) was obtained under 100% RDN, while the treatment with 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stage produced a statistically comparable yield (4.16 t ha-1). This treatment also recorded higher straw yield (7.07 t ha-1), longer panicles (23.96 cm), and more filled grains per panicle (198.67). In contrast, treatments with nano-urea alone resulted in lower yields, despite slightly reducing sterility. Overall, the findings indicate that partial substitution of urea with nano-urea, particularly at 25% applied at the vegetative stage, can sustain rice yield and thereby offering a more resource-efficient nitrogen management strategy.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen produced the highest grain yield, 4.38 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- Hardinath-6e1
- Treatment
- 100% RDNe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.38 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (4.38 t ha-1) was obtained under 100% RDN”
e1“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy-five percent recommended nitrogen plus 25% nano-urea at vegetative stage yielded 4.16 t ha-1, statistically comparable with full nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- statistically comparablee0
- Value
- 4.16 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment with 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stage produced a statistically comparable yield (4.16 t ha-1).”
e1“The highest grain yield (4.38 t ha-1) was obtained under 100% RDN”
e2“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
The partial substitution treatment recorded higher straw yield of 7.07 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stagee1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.07 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also recorded higher straw yield (7.07 t ha-1), longer panicles (23.96 cm), and more filled grains per panicle (198.67).”
e1“75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stage”
e2“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
The partial substitution treatment produced longer panicles of 23.96 cm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stagee1
- Outcome
- paniclese0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 23.96 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also recorded higher straw yield (7.07 t ha-1), longer panicles (23.96 cm), and more filled grains per panicle (198.67).”
e1“75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stage”
e2“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
The partial substitution treatment produced more filled grains per panicle, 198.67.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stagee1
- Outcome
- filled grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 198.67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also recorded higher straw yield (7.07 t ha-1), longer panicles (23.96 cm), and more filled grains per panicle (198.67).”
e1“75% RDN + 25% nano-urea applied at the vegetative stage”
e2“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-urea alone gave lower yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- nano-urea alonee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments with nano-urea alone resulted in lower yields”
e1“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-urea alone slightly reduced sterility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- nano-urea alonee0
- Outcome
- sterilitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments with nano-urea alone resulted in lower yields, despite slightly reducing sterility.”
e1“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend partial urea substitution with 25% nano-urea at the vegetative stage to sustain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- partial substitution of urea with nano-urea, particularly at 25% applied at the vegetative stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partial substitution of urea with nano-urea, particularly at 25% applied at the vegetative stage, can sustain rice yield”
e1“transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Hardinath-6)”
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