Abstract
Abstract BackgroundSoybean primarily acquires nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Water deficit (WD) is a major stress limiting crop yield. Nodulation may enhance drought tolerance in legumes by modulating nitrogen and hormone metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant defenses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differing WD responses in nodulated (N-fix) versus non-nodulated (N-fed) plants remain unclear. Translational control of gene expression is a key regulatory mechanism during stress.ResultsHere, we compared the transcriptome and translatome of soybean roots from N-fix and N-fed plants exposed to WD, analyzing four combined treatments. Our results showed that N-fix plants under WD exhibited more complex responses in terms of total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to N-fed plants. This complexity was also evident in DEGs subject to translational regulation and in differentially expressed transcription factors. Co-expression analysis revealed modules associated with core biological processes, encompassing nodulation, water deficit, and most interestingly, their interplay.ConclusionsOur research reveals that translational regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and translation initiation emerged as a key response in N-fix plants under WD. These findings highlight distinct molecular adaptations in nodulated soybean roots under WD, with translational control playing a central role. We also identified promising transcription factor candidate genes under translational regulation in N-fix roots—for which no role in nodulation has been described—offering potential targets for improving drought tolerance in legumes once validated functionally.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficit, N-fix soybean had more complex total DEG responses than N-fed plants.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- N-fix plantse0
- Treatment
- WDe0
- Outcome
- total differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Direction
- more complexe0
- Comparator
- N-fed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N-fix plants under WD exhibited more complex responses in terms of total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to N-fed plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
N-fix soybean also showed more complex translationally regulated DEG responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- DEGs subject to translational regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This complexity was also evident in DEGs subject to translational regulation and in differentially expressed transcription factors”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
N-fix soybean also showed complex differentially expressed transcription factor responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed transcription factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This complexity was also evident in DEGs subject to translational regulation and in differentially expressed transcription factors”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-expression modules were associated with nodulation, water deficit and their interplay.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- modules associated with core biological processese0
- Qualifier
- nodulation, water deficit, and most interestingly, their interplaye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-expression analysis revealed modules associated with core biological processes, encompassing nodulation, water deficit, and most interestingly, their interplay”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Translational regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and translation initiation genes was a key N-fix response under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N-fix plantse0
- Treatment
- WDe0
- Outcome
- translational regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and translation initiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“translational regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and translation initiation emerged as a key response in N-fix plants under WD”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified translationally regulated transcription factor candidate genes in N-fix roots with no described nodulation role.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- transcription factor candidate genes under translational regulatione0
- Qualifier
- no role in nodulation has been describede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified promising transcription factor candidate genes under translational regulation in N-fix roots—for which no role in nodulation has been described”
t0“soybean”