Abstract
Abstract A specific phenological scale designated for each forest species facilitates the standardization of different phenophases encountered during the growth and development of seeds to seedlings. This study is the first to apply the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry scale to describe the phenophases during the initial development of five important Brazilian forest species: Bauhinia forficata Link, Ceiba speciosa (A.St.‐Hil.) Ravenna, Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos and Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith. Phenological data were collected from experiments conducted across multiple sowing dates between 2022 and 2024 at the Federal University of Itajubá, in Itajubá, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Two phenophases (main growth stages) were identified and described, that is, stage 0 (germination) and development stage 1 (leaf development), along with 12 sub‐stages. The species reached sub‐stage 110 (10th visible leaf on the main stem), marking the end of initial development, within approximately 171 days ( H. chrysotrichus ), 184 days ( C. speciosa ) and 190 days ( H. impetiginosus , B. forficata and T. roseoalba ), with variations observed in the duration of the sub‐stages (00‐110) in all species. This study highlights the variations in the duration of sub‐stages associated with the emergence and vegetative development phenophases across the five forest species studied. The binary codes assigned in this study can be used for multiple purposes, including the standardization and optimization of silvicultural techniques, as well as establishing comparative benchmarks for global warming studies, such as phenological cycle lengthening or shortening.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Two phenophases, stage 0 (germination) and development stage 1 (leaf development), with 12 sub-stages were identified for the five species.
Verbatim
e0“Two phenophases (main growth stages) were identified and described”
e1“during the initial development of five important Brazilian forest species”
Claim · model-written summary
Handroanthus chrysotrichus reached the end of initial development at about 171 days.
- Taxon
- H. chrysotrichus
_REFON.jpg?width=60)
Tabebuia chrysotrichae2 - Outcome
- end of initial developmente0
- Value
- approximately 171 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_REFON.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“marking the end of initial development”
e2“within approximately 171 days ( H. chrysotrichus )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceiba speciosa reached the end of initial development at about 184 days.
- Taxon
- C. speciosa
Ceiba speciosae2 - Outcome
- end of initial developmente0
- Value
- 184 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marking the end of initial development”
e2“184 days ( C. speciosa )”
Claim · model-written summary
Handroanthus impetiginosus reached the end of initial development at about 190 days.
- Taxon
- H. impetiginosus
Handroanthus impetiginosuse3 - Outcome
- end of initial developmente0
- Value
- 190 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marking the end of initial development”
e3“190 days ( H. impetiginosus , B. forficata and T. roseoalba )”
Claim · model-written summary
Bauhinia forficata reached the end of initial development at about 190 days.
- Taxon
- B. forficata
Bauhinia forficatae3 - Outcome
- end of initial developmente0
- Value
- 190 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marking the end of initial development”
e3“190 days ( H. impetiginosus , B. forficata and T. roseoalba )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tabebuia roseoalba reached the end of initial development at about 190 days.
- Taxon
- T. roseoalba
Tabebuia roseoalbae3 - Outcome
- end of initial developmente0
- Value
- 190 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marking the end of initial development”
e3“190 days ( H. impetiginosus , B. forficata and T. roseoalba )”