Abstract
Low chilling varieties are those apple varieties which can be successfully cultivated in warm areas with around 200-300 hrs of chilling temperature (below 7oC). Some of the low-chilling apple varieties are Anna, Tropical Beauty, Early Fuji, Tamma, Neomi, Parlin's Beauty, Golden Dorsett, HRMN-99, etc. Apple crops have been infested by a large number of insects, including both harmful and beneficial insects, and some of them are very serious pests and need awareness to control them. The present study aimed to investigate the insects infesting low-chilling apple varieties. A study on “diversity of insects on low chilling apple varieties viz. HRMN-99, Dorsett Golden and Anna” was carried out in the Horticulture Experimental Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India, during 2023-24. Based on taxonomic classification, the insect species were placed into 6 different orders, viz. Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera and Aranea. Major insect pests recorded were woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), shot hole beetle and codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and the remaining 6 species were recorded as minor insect pests. Natural enemies observed were ladybird beetles, braconid wasps and lynx spider, while honey bees visited as pollinators. Also, the prevailing weather conditions of the experimental region, especially during flowering and fruiting stages, and the insects recorded in response to particular intervals of time were presented along with the weather data. The results gathered throughout the study will aid in understanding the biodiversity of insect species linked to low chilling apple plants, thus impacting taxonomy and pest control in apples, especially within the Jorhat area. Consequently, further research may be conducted to obtain a clear understanding of insect pests linked to apple in this area, thus informing pest management approaches. Furthermore, examining the effectiveness of key natural foes is crucial to decrease the reliance on chemical pesticides and protect both them and the pollinators.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Insects on low-chilling apple varieties belonged to 6 orders.
Verbatim
t0“Insect Diversity on Low Chilling Apple Varieties in Horticulture Experimental Farm of Jorhat, Assam, India”
e0“Based on taxonomic classification, the insect species were placed into 6 different orders, viz. Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera and Aranea”
Claim · model-written summary
Woolly apple aphid, codling moth and shot hole beetle were the major insect pests recorded on low-chilling apple.
- Taxon
- Low Chilling Apple Varietiest0
- Interactor
- woolly apple aphid
Eriosoma lanigerume1pest - Second interactor
- codling moth
Cydia pomonellae1pest - Outcome
- Major insect pestse1
- Qualifier
- shot hole beetlee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Insect Diversity on Low Chilling Apple Varieties in Horticulture Experimental Farm of Jorhat, Assam, India”
e1“Major insect pests recorded were woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), shot hole beetle and codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and the remaining 6 species were recorded as minor insect pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Six further insect species were recorded as minor pests on low-chilling apple.
Verbatim
t0“Insect Diversity on Low Chilling Apple Varieties in Horticulture Experimental Farm of Jorhat, Assam, India”
e1“Major insect pests recorded were woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), shot hole beetle and codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and the remaining 6 species were recorded as minor insect pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Ladybird beetles and braconid wasps were natural enemies observed on low-chilling apple.
Verbatim
t0“Insect Diversity on Low Chilling Apple Varieties in Horticulture Experimental Farm of Jorhat, Assam, India”
e2“Natural enemies observed were ladybird beetles, braconid wasps and lynx spider, while honey bees visited as pollinators”
Claim · model-written summary
Honey bees visited low-chilling apple flowers as pollinators.
Verbatim
t0“Insect Diversity on Low Chilling Apple Varieties in Horticulture Experimental Farm of Jorhat, Assam, India”
e2“Natural enemies observed were ladybird beetles, braconid wasps and lynx spider, while honey bees visited as pollinators”