Abstract
Abstract Tillandsioideae is the subfamily of Bromeliaceae with the most taxonomic and morphological diversity, leading to still-controversial classification in some clades and species groups. Floral morphology, especially of the stigmas, provides relevant data for the circumscription of genera and species. The Bromeliaceae exhibit different stigmatic types with more diversification in Tillandsioideae. This study describes the morphology and ontogeny of the stigmas of 58 species, 47 from Tillandsioideae. The stigmas were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Eleven stigmatic types were identified: simple-erect, simple-truncate, convolute-blade II, III, and IV, lobed-blade, conduplicate-erect, conduplicate-patent, coralliform, lax conduplicate-spiral, and congested, among them the types convolute-blade IV and lobed-blade are herein described for the first time. The ontogeny of the stigmas revealed three ontogenetic sequences with mid-stages homologous to the simple-erect, convolute-blade, and conduplicate-spiral types, giving rise to different homologous morphological types at anthesis. The convolute-blade type showed high diversity, emphasizing the need to consider ontogeny when proposing new types. Morphological differences, which emerge in late stages following different ontogenetic paths, include new stigmatic types, such as lobed stigmatic blades without trichomes and convolute blades with slightly spiralized margins. These results reinforce the importance of ontogeny in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Tillandsioideae.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven stigmatic types were identified among the studied Bromeliaceae species.
- Taxon
- BromeliaceaeBromeliaceaee1
- Organ / stage
- stigmase2
- Outcome
- stigmatic typese0
- Value
- Elevene0
Verbatim
e0“Eleven stigmatic types were identified: simple-erect, simple-truncate, convolute-blade II, III, and IV, lobed-blade, conduplicate-erect, conduplicate-patent, coralliform, lax conduplicate-spiral, and congested”
e1“The Bromeliaceae exhibit different stigmatic types”
e2“The stigmas were examined by scanning electron microscopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Convolute-blade IV and lobed-blade stigmas were described for the first time.
- Taxon
- TillandsioideaeTillandsioideaee1
- Organ / stage
- stigmase2
- Outcome
- convolute-blade IV and lobed-bladee0
- Qualifier
- described for the first timee0
Verbatim
e0“the types convolute-blade IV and lobed-blade are herein described for the first time”
e1“47 from Tillandsioideae”
e2“The stigmas were examined by scanning electron microscopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three stigma ontogenetic sequences had mid-stages homologous to simple-erect, convolute-blade and conduplicate-spiral types.
Verbatim
e0“The ontogeny of the stigmas revealed three ontogenetic sequences with mid-stages homologous to the simple-erect, convolute-blade, and conduplicate-spiral types, giving rise to different homologous morphological types at anthesis”
e1“47 from Tillandsioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
The convolute-blade stigma type had high diversity.
- Taxon
- TillandsioideaeTillandsioideaee1
- Organ / stage
- convolute-blade typee0
- Outcome
- diversitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Verbatim
e0“The convolute-blade type showed high diversity”
e1“47 from Tillandsioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
Late developmental differences included lobed stigmatic blades without trichomes and convolute blades with slightly spiralized margins.
- Taxon
- TillandsioideaeTillandsioideaee1
- Organ / stage
- late stagese0
- Outcome
- lobed stigmatic blades without trichomes and convolute blades with slightly spiralized marginse0
Verbatim
e0“Morphological differences, which emerge in late stages following different ontogenetic paths, include new stigmatic types, such as lobed stigmatic blades without trichomes and convolute blades with slightly spiralized margins”
e1“47 from Tillandsioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering ontogeny when proposing new stigmatic types.
- Taxon
- TillandsioideaeTillandsioideaee1
- Outcome
- consider ontogeny when proposing new typese0
Verbatim
e0“emphasizing the need to consider ontogeny when proposing new types”
e1“47 from Tillandsioideae”