Abstract
ABSTRACT Burkholderia gladioli is a critical pathogen causing bacterial panicle blight in rice, severely threatening global rice yield and grain quality. Here, B. gladioli strains were isolated and identified from two rice fields exhibiting markedly different severities of bacterial panicle blight. Although the two strains belong to the same species, they displayed significant differences in phenotype and pathogenicity. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that natural variation between the strains not only arose from 79 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 12 insertions/deletions (INDELs), and 3 structural variations (SVs) across 27 mutated genes, which may affect protein function and stability, but also coincided with the significant downregulation of genes in multiple virulence-associated pathways, such as two-component systems, bacterial chemotaxis, quorum sensing, and flagellar assembly at the transcriptional level. The combined effects of genetic variation and transcriptional regulation ultimately contributed to the observed differences in pathogenicity. This study uncovers the potential mechanisms by which natural variation in B. gladioli influences pathogenicity, providing a theoretical basis and potential molecular targets for the precise control of rice bacterial panicle blight. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that natural variation in Burkholderia gladioli , a major pathogen responsible for bacterial panicle blight in rice, has a significant impact on its pathogenicity and further explores the underlying mechanisms. These findings expand our understanding of how phytopathogens’ virulence differentiates conditions of natural variation, and provide potential molecular targets for the development of novel bactericides. The identification of low-virulence strains and their associated gene variations in this study offers both theoretical and practical foundations for ecological disease management and biocontrol of rice bacterial diseases, highlighting their importance for promoting precision agriculture and sustainable development.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Two B. gladioli strains from rice fields with different bacterial panicle blight severity belong to the same species but differed significantly in phenotype and pathogenicity.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioli
Burkholderia gladiolit0 - Outcome
- phenotype and pathogenicitye0
- Qualifier
- two strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“Although the two strains belong to the same species, they displayed significant differences in phenotype and pathogenicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative genomics found 79 SNPs between the two B. gladioli strains across 27 mutated genes.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioliBurkholderia gladiolit0
- Outcome
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)e0
- Value
- 79e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“natural variation between the strains not only arose from 79 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 12 insertions/deletions (INDELs), and 3 structural variations (SVs) across 27 mutated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative genomics found 12 insertions/deletions between the two B. gladioli strains across 27 mutated genes.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioliBurkholderia gladiolit0
- Outcome
- insertions/deletions (INDELs)e0
- Value
- 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“natural variation between the strains not only arose from 79 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 12 insertions/deletions (INDELs), and 3 structural variations (SVs) across 27 mutated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative genomics found 3 structural variations between the two B. gladioli strains across 27 mutated genes.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioliBurkholderia gladiolit0
- Outcome
- structural variations (SVs)e0
- Value
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“natural variation between the strains not only arose from 79 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 12 insertions/deletions (INDELs), and 3 structural variations (SVs) across 27 mutated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The strains differed in transcription, with significant downregulation of genes in virulence-associated pathways such as two-component systems, chemotaxis, quorum sensing and flagellar assembly.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioliBurkholderia gladiolit0
- Outcome
- genes in multiple virulence-associated pathwayse0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“the significant downregulation of genes in multiple virulence-associated pathways, such as two-component systems, bacterial chemotaxis, quorum sensing, and flagellar assembly at the transcriptional level”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combined genetic variation and transcriptional regulation contributed to the difference in pathogenicity between the strains.
- Taxon
- Burkholderia gladioliBurkholderia gladiolit0
- Outcome
- differences in pathogenicitye0
- Qualifier
- combined effects of genetic variation and transcriptional regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Burkholderia gladioli”
e0“The combined effects of genetic variation and transcriptional regulation ultimately contributed to the observed differences in pathogenicity”