Abstract
Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein, oil, vitamins, and minerals, serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment, especially in developing countries like Cameroon, where over 24 % of the population faces food insecurity. However, insufficient nutrients can severely hinder the formation of fruiting bodies, resulting in yields as low as one ton per hectare. This study explores the potential of enhancing nitrogen nutrition through Rhizobium bacteria to improve nodulation rates and overall soybean productivity. The objective was to assess the effects of various Rhizobium isolates on the productivity, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality of soybeans, essential for agricultural development and food security. The experiment was carried out at IRAD Mbalmayo from March–July and September–November 2022. The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design replicated thrice. Each replicate consisted of three elementary plots separated by 1 m. Crops were planted at 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants. Five treatments: control (S0), Rhizobium isolate No.1 (S1), Rhizobium isolate No.2 (S2), NoduMax (S3), NPK: 20-10-10 (S4), were applied to three varieties: V1 (TGX 1910–14F), V2 (MAKSOY 4N), V3 (TGX 1835 10E). Results showed that seed emergence rates varied from 69% to 99% among soybean varieties, with no significant differences across treatments. Notably, Rhizobium inoculation, particularly with isolate 2, significantly boosted growth, leading to greater plant height, leaf count, and flowering duration. The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment, while V1S2 had the highest number of leaves, reaching 43.73, at P = 0.05. Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements, achieving 2.9 tons per hectare, with increased pod and seed formation. Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content, underscoring the positive impact of inoculation. For example, lipid content ranged from 15.7% in V1S0 to 25.1% in V1S2, while the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2. These results underscore the potential of Rhizobium inoculation as a sustainable strategy to enhance soybean production and contribute to food security.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed emergence ranged from 69% to 99% among varieties without significant treatment differences.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- seed emergence ratese0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Value
- 69% to 99%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed emergence rates varied from 69% to 99% among soybean varieties, with no significant differences across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate 2 significantly increased soybean height, leaf count, and flowering duration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium isolate No.2 (S2)e1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf count, and flowering duratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control (S0)e1
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium inoculation, particularly with isolate 2, significantly boosted growth, leading to greater plant height, leaf count, and flowering duration”
e1“control (S0), Rhizobium isolate No.1 (S1), Rhizobium isolate No.2 (S2)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
V2S2 had the greatest plant height, 35.3 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
V1S2 had the most leaves, 43.73, at P = 0.05.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- V1S2e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 43.73e0
- Qualifier
- P = 0.05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V1S2 had the highest number of leaves, reaching 43.73, at P = 0.05”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated soybean yield improved to 2.9 tons per hectare.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium isolate No.1 (S1)e1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 2.9 tons per hectaree0
- Comparator
- control (S0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements, achieving 2.9 tons per hectare”
e1“control (S0), Rhizobium isolate No.1 (S1)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants formed more pods and seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- pod and seed formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements, achieving 2.9 tons per hectare, with increased pod and seed formation”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated soybeans varied in nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid content was 15.7% in V1S0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- V1S0e0
- Outcome
- lipid contente0
- Value
- 15.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid content ranged from 15.7% in V1S0 to 25.1% in V1S2”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid content reached 25.1% in V1S2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- V1S2e0
- Outcome
- lipid contente0
- Value
- 25.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid content ranged from 15.7% in V1S0 to 25.1% in V1S2”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein levels were highest in V2S2 and V1S2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- V2S2 and V1S2e0
- Outcome
- protein levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2”
t0“soybean”
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