Abstract
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] producers are challenged to utilize alternate production methods to slow rising production input costs and improve profitability. Objectives of this research include investigations of fossil fuel saving tillage practices, possible yield enhancing crop rotations and varying levels of fertilizer phosphorus (P) and micronutrients, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), on grain sorghum production. The influence of these cultural management practices on certain sorghum insects was also evaluated. The experimental site was a Clareville clay loam (hyperthermic, Pachic Argiustoll) located west of Robstown, TX at the Perry Foundation. Conventional tillage (7-8 tillage trips; 6-10 tillage depth) was compared with minimum tillage (3-4 trips; 3 maximum depth) under both continuous sorghum cropping and a sorghum: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yearly rotation. The major blocks, cropping systems, and sub-blocks, tillage systems were evaluated at three P fertilization rates. Micronutrients, Fe and Zn, were included at the high P rate in the minimum tilled (MT) treatment. Initial year results for sorghum following cotton compared to sorghum following sorghum showed a significant 30 percent grain yield increase when averaged across all tillage and fertilizer variables. With severe moisture stress in years 2 and 3, the rotation benefit decreased substantially due to drought stress. Phosphorus, Zn and Fe fertilizer response was measured in the third year. Early season plant growth differences in favor of MT failed to translated into final grain yield differences due to moisture stress prior to physiological maturity. Sorghum head insect count differences were largely changed by rotation in the three studies. Grain yields in Year 4 were considerably improved over yields for the past two years. While overall average yields were not significantly affected by treatment, yield breakout within tillage system shows up to 22% yield gain directly attributed to rotation with cotton. Yield response to P approached 28% under MT with sorghum following cotton with a lesser response in continuous sorghum. Sorghum head insect counts were not significantly changed by tillage or rotation alone but were affected by a rotation x tillage interaction in year 4 of the study. However, conclusive evidence of treatment effect on insects is not offered at this time without additional data collection. Preliminary economic evaluation of the positive benefits of reduced tillage, crop rotations and P indicate considerable impact by these variables. Summary of differences in input costs for power unit, equipment and labor allocation for sorghum production using the MT system in contrast to CT showed a savings for approximately $36.40 per acre. The 4-year average yield increase due to rotation was an impressive 21 percent. Assuming this yield increase translates into at least 525 lb grain/ac or some $15-$16 per acre additional net income, the additive benefits of using the MT system and crop rotation practices exceed $50 per acre. INTRODUCTION Improved crop yields and reduced production costs are vital to increased profitability in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in the South. Crop rotation and tillage management can have significant impact on soil quality parameters and subsequent crop yields.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In the initial year, sorghum following cotton gave a significant 30 percent grain yield increase over sorghum following sorghum, averaged across tillage and fertilizer variables.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- sorghum following cottone1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 30 percente1
- Comparator
- sorghum following sorghume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Initial year results for sorghum following cotton compared to sorghum following sorghum showed a significant 30 percent grain yield increase when averaged across all tillage and fertilizer variables”
Claim · model-written summary
With severe moisture stress in years 2 and 3, the benefit of rotation decreased substantially due to drought stress.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- severe moisture stresse1
- Outcome
- rotation benefite1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“With severe moisture stress in years 2 and 3, the rotation benefit decreased substantially due to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Early season plant growth differences in favor of minimum tillage (MT) did not translate into final grain yield differences because of moisture stress before physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- MTe1
- Outcome
- final grain yield differencese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Early season plant growth differences in favor of MT failed to translated into final grain yield differences due to moisture stress prior to physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield breakout within the tillage system showed up to 22% yield gain attributed to rotation with cotton.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- rotation with cottone1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 22%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“yield breakout within tillage system shows up to 22% yield gain directly attributed to rotation with cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield response to P approached 28% under minimum tillage with sorghum following cotton, with a lesser response in continuous sorghum.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- MT with sorghum following cottone1
- Outcome
- yield response to Pe1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 28%e1
- Qualifier
- lesser response in continuous sorghume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Yield response to P approached 28% under MT with sorghum following cotton with a lesser response in continuous sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum head insect counts were not significantly changed by tillage or rotation alone.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- tillage or rotation alonee1
- Interactor
- insecte1pest
- Outcome
- Sorghum head insect countse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Sorghum head insect counts were not significantly changed by tillage or rotation alone but were affected by a rotation x tillage interaction in year 4 of the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum head insect counts were affected by a rotation x tillage interaction in year 4.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- rotation x tillage interactione1
- Interactor
- insecte1pest
- Outcome
- Sorghum head insect countse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Sorghum head insect counts were not significantly changed by tillage or rotation alone but were affected by a rotation x tillage interaction in year 4 of the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields in Year 4 were considerably improved over yields for the past two years.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- Grain yields in Year 4e1
- Direction
- improvede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Grain yields in Year 4 were considerably improved over yields for the past two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall average yields were not significantly affected by treatment.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- treatmente1
- Outcome
- overall average yieldse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“While overall average yields were not significantly affected by treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Using the minimum tillage (MT) system instead of conventional tillage (CT) saved approximately $36.40 per acre in sorghum production inputs.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- MT systeme1
- Outcome
- input costse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- $36.40 per acree1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Summary of differences in input costs for power unit, equipment and labor allocation for sorghum production using the MT system in contrast to CT showed a savings for approximately $36.40 per acre”
Claim · model-written summary
The 4-year average yield increase due to rotation was 21 percent.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- rotatione1
- Outcome
- average yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 21 percente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“The 4-year average yield increase due to rotation was an impressive 21 percent”
Claim · model-written summary
Assuming the 4-year yield increase from rotation, the additive benefits of the MT system and crop rotation would exceed $50 per acre.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- MT system and crop rotation practicese1
- Outcome
- additive benefitse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- $50 per acree1
- Qualifier
- Assuminge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Assuming this yield increase translates into at least 525 lb grain/ac or some $15-$16 per acre additional net income, the additive benefits of using the MT system and crop rotation practices exceed $50 per acre”
Claim · model-written summary
Preliminary economic evaluation indicates considerable positive benefits of reduced tillage, crop rotations and P.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- reduced tillage, crop rotations and Pe1
- Outcome
- positive benefitse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- Preliminary economic evaluatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain sorghum response to tillage and crop rotation”
e1“Preliminary economic evaluation of the positive benefits of reduced tillage, crop rotations and P indicate considerable impact by these variables”
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