Abstract
The distribution of copper (Cu) among various chemical forms and its availability to oat nutrition may vary significantly in response to changing soil properties. Therefore, a pot and laboratory study were conducted to investigate the distribution of native and added Cu fractions and their plant availability to oat (Avena sativa L.) nutrition in eighteen (18) different soils of Haryana that varied in physical and chemical properties. Seven-step sequential fractionation showed that most of the total Cu (51.12%) was associated in the residual fraction (RES). The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively. Amount of Cu in MnOX, AFeOX, CFeOX, RES-fractions and total Cu were interdependent and varied directly with DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content. On the basis of stepwise regression analysis, the residual fraction contribute very little whereas exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction contribute maximum to the availability of Cu to oat plant. The concentration of Cu and its uptake in oat were positively correlated with DTPA-extractable Cu, MnOX-Cu, AFeOX-Cu and total Cu, which in turn were correlated with clay content. Plant Cu concentration and uptake can be predicted by an equation which includes DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content. These results showed that DTPA-extractable Cu is a good predictor of Cu availability in Haryana soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the total soil Cu, 51.12%, was in the residual fraction.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Outcome
- total Cue1
- Value
- 51.12%e1
- Qualifier
- associated in the residual fraction (RES)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e1“Seven-step sequential fractionation showed that most of the total Cu (51.12%) was associated in the residual fraction (RES)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable fraction (EX-) of soil Cu averaged 2.71%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- exchangeable fraction (EX-)e2
- Value
- 2.71e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbonate bound (CARB-) fraction of soil Cu averaged 0.74%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- carbonate bound (CARB-)e2
- Value
- 0.74e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organically associated (OM-) fraction of soil Cu averaged 2.74%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- organically associated (OM-)e2
- Value
- 2.74e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn oxide bound (MnOX-) fraction of soil Cu averaged 0.21%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- Mn oxide bound (MnOX-)e2
- Value
- 0.21e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) fraction of soil Cu averaged 13.35%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-)e2
- Value
- 13.35e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fraction of soil Cu averaged 29.11%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-)e2
- Value
- 29.11%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“The percentage of soil Cu in the exchangeable fraction (EX-), carbonate bound (CARB-), organically associated (OM-), Mn oxide bound (MnOX-), amorphous Fe oxide bound (AFeOX-) and crystalline Fe oxide bound (CFeOX-) fractions averaged 2.71, 0.74, 2.74, 0.21, 13.35, and 29.11%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable and carbonate bound Cu fractions contribute most to Cu availability to oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- exchangeable and carbonate bound fractione3
- Outcome
- availability of Cu to oat plante3
- Direction
- contribute maximume3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e3“On the basis of stepwise regression analysis, the residual fraction contribute very little whereas exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction contribute maximum to the availability of Cu to oat plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual Cu fraction contributes very little to Cu availability to oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- residual fractione3
- Outcome
- availability of Cu to oat plante3
- Direction
- contribute very littlee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e3“On the basis of stepwise regression analysis, the residual fraction contribute very little whereas exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction contribute maximum to the availability of Cu to oat plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu concentration and uptake in oat were positively correlated with DTPA-extractable Cu, MnOX-Cu and AFeOX-Cu.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- DTPA-extractable Cu, MnOX-Cu, AFeOX-Cue4
- Outcome
- concentration of Cu and its uptake in oate4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e4“The concentration of Cu and its uptake in oat were positively correlated with DTPA-extractable Cu, MnOX-Cu, AFeOX-Cu and total Cu, which in turn were correlated with clay content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu concentration and uptake in oat were positively correlated with total Cu.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- total Cue4
- Outcome
- concentration of Cu and its uptake in oate4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e4“The concentration of Cu and its uptake in oat were positively correlated with DTPA-extractable Cu, MnOX-Cu, AFeOX-Cu and total Cu, which in turn were correlated with clay content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu fractions in MnOX, AFeOX, CFeOX, RES and total Cu varied directly with DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- DTPA-extractable Cue5
- Outcome
- Amount of Cu in MnOX, AFeOX, CFeOX, RES-fractions and total Cue5
- Direction
- varied directlye5
- Comparator
- clay contente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e5“Amount of Cu in MnOX, AFeOX, CFeOX, RES-fractions and total Cu were interdependent and varied directly with DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant Cu concentration and uptake can be predicted by an equation including DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- Plant Cu concentration and uptakee6
- Qualifier
- an equation which includes DTPA-extractable Cu and clay contente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e6“Plant Cu concentration and uptake can be predicted by an equation which includes DTPA-extractable Cu and clay content”
Claim · model-written summary
DTPA-extractable Cu is a good predictor of Cu availability in Haryana soils.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- DTPA-extractable Cue7
- Outcome
- Cu availability in Haryana soilse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oat (Avena sativa)”
e7“DTPA-extractable Cu is a good predictor of Cu availability in Haryana soils”