Abstract
Solutions of four moss powders, namely: Calymperes afzelii Sw., Thuidium gratum (P. Beauv.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. and Barbula lambarenensis (Hook) Spreng., were evaluated for insecticidal activity against maize stem borers. The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field. All mosses tested showed some toxic activity against the established maize stem borers, deterrence regarding further infestation and some influence on the distribution of the borers. C. afzelii and B. coronatum showed encouraging toxic activities, deterrent activities and promptness that were better or just as good as with Tricel, the control inorganic insecticide. The order of activity of the moss solutions was C. afzelii> B. coronatum >T. gratum= B. lambarenensis. The incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode, i.e. III, was reduced significantly by C. afzelii, T. gratum and B. coronatum treatments, while B. lambarenensis like, Tricel, restricted the incidence of borer holes to internodes III and IV. The advantages proffered by the window of utilizing mosses as pesticide, namely: availability, safety, low cost, ease of application, as well as, the disadvantages, i.e. laborious serial repetitions, was highlighted.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Solutions of the four moss powders showed some toxic activity against established maize stem borers.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocidal Activities of Some Tropical Moss Extracts Against Maize Stem Borers”
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e1“All mosses tested showed some toxic activity against the established maize stem borers”
e2“Solutions of four moss powders, namely: Calymperes afzelii Sw., Thuidium gratum (P. Beauv.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. and Barbula lambarenensis (Hook) Spreng.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moss solutions showed deterrence regarding further infestation by maize stem borers.
- Treatment
- Solutions of four moss powderse2
- Interactor
- maize stem borerse1pest
- Outcome
- deterrence regarding further infestatione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e1“All mosses tested showed some toxic activity against the established maize stem borers, deterrence regarding further infestation and some influence on the distribution of the borers”
e2“Solutions of four moss powders, namely: Calymperes afzelii Sw., Thuidium gratum (P. Beauv.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. and Barbula lambarenensis (Hook) Spreng.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moss solutions had some influence on the distribution of maize stem borers.
- Treatment
- Solutions of four moss powderse2
- Interactor
- maize stem borerse1pest
- Outcome
- some influence on the distribution of the borerse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e1“All mosses tested showed some toxic activity against the established maize stem borers, deterrence regarding further infestation and some influence on the distribution of the borers”
e2“Solutions of four moss powders, namely: Calymperes afzelii Sw., Thuidium gratum (P. Beauv.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. and Barbula lambarenensis (Hook) Spreng.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calymperes afzelii showed encouraging toxic and deterrent activity, better or just as good as Tricel.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e4“C. afzelii and B. coronatum showed encouraging toxic activities, deterrent activities and promptness that were better or just as good as with Tricel, the control inorganic insecticide”
Claim · model-written summary
Bryum coronatum showed encouraging toxic and deterrent activity, better or just as good as Tricel.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e4“C. afzelii and B. coronatum showed encouraging toxic activities, deterrent activities and promptness that were better or just as good as with Tricel, the control inorganic insecticide”
Claim · model-written summary
The order of activity of the moss solutions was C. afzelii > B. coronatum > T. gratum = B. lambarenensis.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e6“The order of activity of the moss solutions was C. afzelii> B. coronatum >T. gratum= B. lambarenensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Calymperes afzelii significantly reduced the incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode.
- Organ / stage
- most preferred internode, i.e. IIIe7
- Treatment
- C. afzeliie7
- Interactor
- stem borere7pest
- Outcome
- incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internodee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e7“The incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode, i.e. III, was reduced significantly by C. afzelii, T. gratum and B. coronatum treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma gratum significantly reduced the incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode.
- Organ / stage
- most preferred internode, i.e. IIIe7
- Treatment
- T. gratume7
- Interactor
- stem borere7pest
- Outcome
- incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internodee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e7“The incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode, i.e. III, was reduced significantly by C. afzelii, T. gratum and B. coronatum treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Bryum coronatum significantly reduced the incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode.
- Organ / stage
- most preferred internode, i.e. IIIe7
- Treatment
- B. coronatume7
- Interactor
- stem borere7pest
- Outcome
- incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internodee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e7“The incidence of stem borer in the most preferred internode, i.e. III, was reduced significantly by C. afzelii, T. gratum and B. coronatum treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Barbula lambarenensis, like Tricel, restricted the incidence of borer holes to internodes III and IV.
- Organ / stage
- internodes III and IVe7
- Treatment
- B. lambarenensise7
- Interactor
- borere7pest
- Outcome
- incidence of borer holese7
- Direction
- restrictede7
- Comparator
- Tricele7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous solutions were smeared periodically on mature maize plants in the field”
e7“B. lambarenensis like, Tricel, restricted the incidence of borer holes to internodes III and IV”
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botanical · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 90 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.