Abstract
In this dissertation, I report my studies on the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Dijon (Di-0) to turnip crinkle carmovirus (TCV), a simple, single-stranded, positive-sense, plant RNA virus. TCV efficiently replicated in protoplasts prepared from Di-0 callus culture, but it did not move long-distance in Di-0 plants (Simon et al., 1992). Cardamine chlorotic fleck virus (CCFV), the carmovirus most closely related to TCV, infected Di-0 plants systemically (Oh et al., 1995). I found that TCV with the coat protein open reading frame (ORF) from CCFV (TCV-CP$\\rm\\sb{CCFV})$ and TCV with a single base mutation in the initition codon (AUG to ACG) of the coat protein ORF (TCV-CPm) were infectious on ecotypes Columbia (Col-0, TCV-susceptible) and Di-0 (TCV-resistant). These results indicate that TCV coat protein is the viral determinant for resistance of Di-0 to TCV. In addition, my results suggest that the resistance of Di-0 to TCV is specific to TCV and may involve an RNA degradation activity. I also studied the movement of TCV, CCFV, and TCV-CP$\\sb{\\rm CCFV}$ in Col-0 and Di-0 plants using a whole plant in situ hybridization technique. The results indicate that TCV was restricted to within small areas around the initial infection sites on inoculated leaves of Di-0 plants, whereas TCV (in Col-0), CCFV and TCV-CP$\\sb{\\rm CCFV})$ (in Col-0 and Di-0) moved long-distance to metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots) at different rates. Many plant RNA viruses are associated with small subviral RNAs, including satellite (sat-) RNAs. Small subviral RNAs require a helper virus for replication and movement, and they often intensify or attenuate the symptoms caused by the helper virus. TCV is associated with sat-RNA C, a sat-RNA that normally intensifies the symptoms of the TCV-M isolate (Simon et al., 1988; Li and Simon, 1990). I will report my work on the mechanism of symptom modulation mediated by sat-RNA C in Arabidopsis plants. My results indicate that symptom modulation by sat-RNA C is mediated by the viral coat protein, and a putative interaction between the 3$\\sp\\prime$ end of sat-RNA C and the N-terminus of coat protein is involved. Symptom attenuation by sat-RNAs is widely believed to be mediated by inhibition of helper virus replication through competition for replication factors (Roossinck et al., 1992). My study shows that inhibition of virus long distance movement is involved in sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuation of TCV-CPm (and probably TCV-CP$\\rm\\sb{CCFV})$ and inhibition of helper virus replication is not important. In addition, symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C is localized and does not involve the major plant defense pathway. A model that explains sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuation is proposed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
TCV variants carrying the CCFV coat protein ORF or a coat protein start-codon mutation (TCV-CPm) were infectious on the susceptible ecotype Col-0 of Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- Col-0e1
- Interactor
- TCVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- infectiouse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“were infectious on ecotypes Columbia (Col-0, TCV-susceptible) and Di-0 (TCV-resistant)”
Claim · model-written summary
TCV variants carrying the CCFV coat protein ORF or a coat protein start-codon mutation (TCV-CPm) were infectious on the TCV-resistant ecotype Di-0 of Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Di-0e1
- Interactor
- TCVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- infectiouse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“were infectious on ecotypes Columbia (Col-0, TCV-susceptible) and Di-0 (TCV-resistant)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the TCV coat protein is the viral determinant of resistance of Arabidopsis Di-0 to TCV.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Di-0e2
- Interactor
- TCVe2pathogen
- Gene
- TCV coat proteine2
- Outcome
- resistance of Di-0 to TCVe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“These results indicate that TCV coat protein is the viral determinant for resistance of Di-0 to TCV”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the resistance of Di-0 to TCV is specific to TCV.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Di-0e3
- Interactor
- TCVe3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of Di-0 to TCV is specific to TCVe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e3“my results suggest that the resistance of Di-0 to TCV is specific to TCV”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the resistance of Di-0 to TCV may involve an RNA degradation activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Di-0e3
- Interactor
- TCVe3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of Di-0 to TCVe3
- Qualifier
- may involve an RNA degradation activitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e3“the resistance of Di-0 to TCV is specific to TCV and may involve an RNA degradation activity”
Claim · model-written summary
TCV was restricted to small areas around the initial infection sites on inoculated leaves of Di-0 plants, as shown by whole plant in situ hybridization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Di-0e4
- Organ / stage
- inoculated leavese4
- Interactor
- TCVe4pathogen
- Outcome
- restricted to within small areas around the initial infection sitese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“TCV was restricted to within small areas around the initial infection sites on inoculated leaves of Di-0 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TCV in Col-0 plants moved long-distance to metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots) at a rate that differed from the other viruses tested.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Col-0e5
- Organ / stage
- metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots)e6
- Interactor
- TCVe5pathogen
- Outcome
- moved long-distancee6
- Qualifier
- at different ratese6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“TCV (in Col-0), CCFV and”
e6“moved long-distance to metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots) at different rates”
Claim · model-written summary
CCFV moved long-distance to metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots) at a rate that differed from the other viruses tested.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots)e6
- Interactor
- CCFVe5pathogen
- Outcome
- moved long-distancee6
- Qualifier
- at different ratese6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“TCV (in Col-0), CCFV and”
e6“moved long-distance to metabolic sink tissues (young leaves and roots) at different rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptom modulation by sat-RNA C in Arabidopsis is mediated by the viral coat protein.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- viral coat proteine7
- Outcome
- symptom modulation by sat-RNA Ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“symptom modulation by sat-RNA C is mediated by the viral coat protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of virus long distance movement is involved in sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuation of TCV-CPm.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- TCV-CPme0pathogen
- Outcome
- sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuatione0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of virus long distance movemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“inhibition of virus long distance movement is involved in sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuation of TCV-CPm”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of helper virus replication is not important for sat-RNA C-mediated symptom attenuation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- inhibition of helper virus replication is not importante0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of helper virus replicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“inhibition of helper virus replication is not important”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C is localized.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C is localizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C is localized”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C does not involve the major plant defense pathway.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA Ce0
- Qualifier
- does not involve the major plant defense pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“symptom attenuation mediated by sat-RNA C is localized and does not involve the major plant defense pathway”