First report of Aspergillus nomius isolation from Hungarian apple: An emerging mycotoxigenic threat in Central Europe

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is reshaping fungal dynamics in European agro-ecosystems, favoring thermotolerant and xerotolerant species once restricted to tropical and subtropical zones. Among these, Aspergillus section Flavi poses a major concern due to its production of carcinogenic aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this context, Aspergillus nomius , a known producer of both B- and G-series aflatoxins, has gained attention for its growing presence in non-tropical regions. We report the first confirmed isolation of A. nomius from a Hungarian crop, apple, marking its entry into the national food supply. Morphological characteristics aligned with species descriptions, and molecular identification was confirmed via ITS and β-tubulin gene sequencing. The isolate exhibited AFB1 production, highlighting its potential role in mycotoxin contamination in temperate environments.

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