Paper · 2026 · UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid)

Characterization of banana texture patterns during postharvest storage using force-deformation curves and multivariate analysis

Correa Hernando, Eva Cristina; Diezma Iglesias, Belen; Lara Blas, Miguel Ángel; et al.

7
claims
12
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Cavendish bananas were stored in macro-perforated (aerobic ripening) and non-perforated (low O₂/high CO₂) flow-pack films to induce contrasting ripening behaviors, including the stay-green disorder. Texture was assessed using force–deformation curves obtained via Magness-Taylor penetration tests. Principal Component Analysis was applied to interpolated texture curves with 2900 data points, enabling dimensionality reduction and the extraction of representative variables. Cluster analysis identified distinct textural patterns associated with storage time and packaging conditions. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed two orthogonal canonical dimensions of textural variability. The first (Canonical 1) was primarily associated with basic force–deformation parameters (FMT, Slp, AreaT), while the second (Canonical 2) was linked to post failure deformation indices. Bananas stored in non-perforated film showed abnormal softening despite limited external color change, indicating internal ripening anomalies not detectable through conventional color-based assessments. The integration of mechanical testing and unsupervised multivariate techniques enabled the identification of representative texture patterns, supporting their use as reference profiles for postharvest quality control.

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Claims 7

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cluster analysis identified banana texture patterns associated with storage time and packaging.

Taxon
bananat0
Outcome
distinct textural patternse0
Comparator
storage time and packaging conditionse0

Verbatim

t0

“banana texture patterns during postharvest storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–70 · show in text ↑
e0

“Cluster analysis identified distinct textural patterns associated with storage time and packaging conditions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–584 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The multivariate analysis found two orthogonal dimensions of banana texture variability.

Taxon
bananat0
Outcome
canonical dimensions of textural variabilitye0
Value
twoe0

Verbatim

t0

“banana texture patterns during postharvest storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–70 · show in text ↑
e0

“A one-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed two orthogonal canonical dimensions of textural variability.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 585–698 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Canonical 1 was primarily associated with basic force-deformation parameters.

Taxon
bananat0
Outcome
basic force–deformation parameterse0
Comparator
Canonical 1e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0

“banana texture patterns during postharvest storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–70 · show in text ↑
e0

“The first (Canonical 1) was primarily associated with basic force–deformation parameters (FMT, Slp, AreaT), while the second (Canonical 2) was linked to post failure deformation indices.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–885 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Canonical 2 was linked to post-failure deformation indices.

Taxon
bananat0
Outcome
post failure deformation indicese0
Comparator
Canonical 2e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0

“banana texture patterns during postharvest storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–70 · show in text ↑
e0

“The first (Canonical 1) was primarily associated with basic force–deformation parameters (FMT, Slp, AreaT), while the second (Canonical 2) was linked to post failure deformation indices.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–885 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bananas in non-perforated film softened abnormally despite limited external color change.

Taxon
Bananase0
Treatment
non-perforated filme0
Outcome
abnormal softeninge0
Qualifier
limited external color changee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Bananas stored in non-perforated film showed abnormal softening despite limited external color change, indicating internal ripening anomalies not detectable through conventional color-based assessments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 886–1088 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conventional color assessment did not detect the internal ripening anomalies.

Taxon
Bananase0
Outcome
internal ripening anomaliese0
Comparator
conventional color-based assessmentse0

Verbatim

e0

“Bananas stored in non-perforated film showed abnormal softening despite limited external color change, indicating internal ripening anomalies not detectable through conventional color-based assessments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 886–1088 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical testing combined with unsupervised multivariate methods identified representative texture patterns.

Taxon
bananat0
Outcome
representative texture patternse0
Comparator
mechanical testing and unsupervised multivariate techniquese0

Verbatim

t0

“banana texture patterns during postharvest storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–70 · show in text ↑
e0

“The integration of mechanical testing and unsupervised multivariate techniques enabled the identification of representative texture patterns, supporting their use as reference profiles for postharvest quality control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1089–1306 · show in text ↑