Abstract
Field experiments were established on September 7, 1968, and Hay 13 and July 16, 1969, by seeding three rates (on pure live seed basis [PLS]) of several companion grasses with a constant rate of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Mixtures were irrigated and clipped to 1- and 2-in. sod residues. Objectives were to determine which mixture or mixtures could provide rapid initial establishment. with subsequent high quality, permanent turf. The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), but they provided as rapid initial cover. However, their persistence provides a means for bluegrass encroachment during the seedling year. Seedling competition was not due to any excretions from ryegrass seeds or seedlings. Turf quality of the improved perennials was superior to annual ryegrass, but slightly lower than pure bluegrass, because of frayed leaf tips. Redtop (Agrostis alba L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) were less competitive to bluegrass than the ryegrasses, but they provided little advantage in ground cover; however, turf quality was similar to pure bluegrass. It was concluded that mixtures should be designed to obtain designated populations of companion and other seedlings that are needed for sufficient initial cover. The 5% PLS in this study was higher than normally recommended on a weight basis; therefore there was no advantage from higher seeding rates. Fall seeded mixtures generally contained the most Kentucky bluegrass, and the summer seedings had the least. Low clipping reduced competition from companion grasses, especially the improved perennial ryegrasses, which allowed a uniform transition toward bluegrass dominance with turf of average quality. Sod strength was best for the pure bluegrass turf, but root development of the improved perennial ryegrasses was best.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Improved perennial ryegrasses were no more competitive toward Kentucky bluegrass seedlings than annual ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensise0 - Interactor
- Lolium perenne L.
Lolium perennee0other - Outcome
- competitive in the seedling stagee0
- Direction
- no more competitivee0
- Comparator
- annual ryegrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved perennial ryegrasses provided rapid initial cover.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist1
- Outcome
- rapid initial covere0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they provided as rapid initial cover”
t0“The effects of rapid establishment and subsequent turf quality of agressive grasses seeded with Poa pratensis L”
t1“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence of perennial ryegrasses allowed bluegrass encroachment during the seedling year.
PoaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their persistence provides a means for bluegrass encroachment during the seedling year”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass seedling competition was not due to seed or seedling excretions.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist1
- Outcome
- Seedling competitione0
- Qualifier
- excretions from ryegrass seeds or seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling competition was not due to any excretions from ryegrass seeds or seedlings”
t0“The effects of rapid establishment and subsequent turf quality of agressive grasses seeded with Poa pratensis L”
t1“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Turf quality with improved perennial ryegrasses exceeded annual ryegrass but was slightly below pure bluegrass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turf quality of the improved perennials was superior to annual ryegrass, but slightly lower than pure bluegrass, because of frayed leaf tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Redtop and creeping red fescue were less competitive with bluegrass than ryegrasses.
- Interactor
- Agrostis alba L.
Poa nemoralise0other - Outcome
- competitive to bluegrasse0
- Direction
- less competitivee0
- Comparator
- ryegrassese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redtop (Agrostis alba L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) were less competitive to bluegrass than the ryegrasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Redtop and creeping red fescue provided little advantage in ground cover.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they provided little advantage in ground cover”
t0“The effects of rapid establishment and subsequent turf quality of agressive grasses seeded with Poa pratensis L”
t1“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Turf quality of redtop and creeping red fescue mixtures was similar to pure bluegrass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“turf quality was similar to pure bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rates offered no advantage above 5% PLS.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist1
- Treatment
- higher seeding ratese0
- Outcome
- no advantagee0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Comparator
- 5% PLSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5% PLS in this study was higher than normally recommended on a weight basis; therefore there was no advantage from higher seeding rates”
t0“The effects of rapid establishment and subsequent turf quality of agressive grasses seeded with Poa pratensis L”
t1“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall seeded mixtures contained the most Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise0
- Outcome
- Kentucky bluegrasse0
- Direction
- moste0
- Setting
- Fall seeded mixturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall seeded mixtures generally contained the most Kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer seedings contained the least Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist1
- Outcome
- Kentucky bluegrasst1
- Direction
- leaste0
- Setting
- summer seedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the summer seedings had the least”
t0“The effects of rapid establishment and subsequent turf quality of agressive grasses seeded with Poa pratensis L”
t1“The improved perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) (NK-100 and Pelo) were no more competitive in the seedling stage toward Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low clipping reduced companion grass competition and allowed transition to bluegrass dominance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low clipping reduced competition from companion grasses, especially the improved perennial ryegrasses, which allowed a uniform transition toward bluegrass dominance with turf of average quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure bluegrass turf had the best sod strength.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sod strength was best for the pure bluegrass turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved perennial ryegrasses had the best root development.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassesLolium perennee0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root development of the improved perennial ryegrasses was best”