Abstract
Continuous potato monoculture leads to yield decline, soil degradation, and increased soil-borne disease incidence. This study evaluated the potential of crop rotation to mitigate these issues by examining its effects on potato performance, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities. A two-year field experiment (2023–2024) in southern Shanxi, China, compared three treatments: continuous potato planting (CK, control), potato rotated with summer maize (with maize straw incorporation, T1), and potato rotated with summer soybean (with soybean straw incorporation, T2). The results demonstrated that both T1 and T2 rotations significantly increased tuber yield by 18.39% and 20.69%, respectively, and improved the potato commodity rate by 19.67% and 10.39%, compared to CK. Rotations also enhanced tuber quality, significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%), while reducing sugar content. In addition, the soil quality markedly improved under rotation. The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen increased by 27.77–31.92%, 10.48–12.38%, 4.44–28.42%, and 3.98–16.13%, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflex, Firmicutes, and Myxococcota were the predominant bacterial phyla and Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota were the predominant fungal phyla. Microbial community analysis revealed that T1 rotation affected the Chao1 index and the ACE, measures of the diversity of the soil fungal community, and the rotations altered community structure. The abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Alternaria, and Lectera, was significantly reduced. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that pH and total nitrogen (TN) were the primary factors shaping soil bacterial and fungal community structure. In conclusion, rotating potato with summer maize or soybean, combined with straw incorporation, is an effective strategy for enhancing tuber yield and quality, improving soil fertility, suppressing soil-borne pathogens, and promoting sustainable potato production in southern Shanxi.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Maize rotation increased potato tuber yield by 18.39% versus continuous potato.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both T1 and T2 rotations significantly increased tuber yield by 18.39% and 20.69%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean rotation increased potato tuber yield by 20.69%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both T1 and T2 rotations significantly increased tuber yield by 18.39% and 20.69%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 improved potato commodity rate by 19.67%.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Outcome
- potato commodity ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 19.67%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the potato commodity rate by 19.67% and 10.39%, compared to CK”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 improved potato commodity rate by 10.39%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- potato commodity ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10.39%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the potato commodity rate by 19.67% and 10.39%, compared to CK”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber nitrogen content by 5.24–28.20%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5.24–28.20%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber phosphorus content by 14.68–34.86%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 14.68–34.86%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber potassium content by 23.61–52.42%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 23.61–52.42%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber crude protein content by 5.14–28.11%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5.14–28.11%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber vitamin C content by 6.67–20.0%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 6.67–20.0%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber starch content by 20.0–28.82%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 20.0–28.82%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased potato tuber dry matter content by 4.55–12.88%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 4.55–12.88%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing the content of nitrogen (5.24–28.20%), phosphorus (14.68–34.86%), potassium (23.61–52.42%), crude protein (5.14–28.11%), vitamin C (6.67–20.0%), starch (20.0–28.82%), and dry matter (4.55–12.88%)”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations reduced potato tuber sugar content.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing sugar content”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations increased soil soil organic matter by 27.77–31.92%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.77–31.92%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen increased by 27.77–31.92%, 10.48–12.38%, 4.44–28.42%, and 3.98–16.13%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations increased soil available phosphorus by 10.48–12.38%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.48–12.38%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen increased by 27.77–31.92%, 10.48–12.38%, 4.44–28.42%, and 3.98–16.13%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations increased soil available potassium by 4.44–28.42%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- available potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.44–28.42%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen increased by 27.77–31.92%, 10.48–12.38%, 4.44–28.42%, and 3.98–16.13%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations increased soil total nitrogen by 3.98–16.13%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.98–16.13%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen increased by 27.77–31.92%, 10.48–12.38%, 4.44–28.42%, and 3.98–16.13%, respectively”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation reduced soil abundance of Fusarium.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- abundance of pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Alternaria, and Lectera, was significantly reduced”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation reduced soil abundance of Alternaria.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- abundance of pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Alternaria, and Lectera, was significantly reduced”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation reduced soil abundance of Lectera.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- abundance of pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Alternaria, and Lectera, was significantly reduced”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH and total nitrogen primarily shaped microbial community structure.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- soil bacterial and fungal community structuree0
- Qualifier
- pH and total nitrogen (TN)e0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pH and total nitrogen (TN) were the primary factors shaping soil bacterial and fungal community structure”
t0“Potato Yield and Quality”