Abstract
Excessive application and continuous use of glyphosate herbicide negatively affect plant growth. In addition to damaging soil health in agricultural systems, it disrupts protein synthesis, nutrient cycle, chlorophyll decrease, and photosynthesis, leading to slow growth and decreased plant mass. TWBC can significantly enhance plant growth by improving soil structure, encouraging water retention, and enhancing microbial activity as a slow-release nutrient. Zeolite is a natural mineral that retains essential nutrients, prevents soil leaching, and enhances soil structure, aeration, and water-holding capacity, thereby promoting plant growth. Its buffering capacity changes soil pH, ensuring optimal nutrient acquisition. This study examines the combined effect of TWBC with ZL as a supplement to enhance maize growth under glyphosate stress. Treatments included control, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.60%, and 1.20% TWBC, applied with 0% and 5% ZL using a completely randomized design in three replications. The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control. Additionally, a significant increase in leaf N (23.50%), P (29.09%), and K (17.24%) was observed, while a decrease in glyphosate concentration (88.89%) under glyphosate stress validated the effect of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL treatment. In conclusion, the findings suggest that a 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL is the most effective amendment for enhancing plant growth and mitigating glyphosate stress in maize plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize plant height compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 44.91%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize root length compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 49.69%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize shoot fresh weight compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 44.21%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize shoot dry weight compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 58.47%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize root fresh weight compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 52.55%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased maize root dry weight compared with the control
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 62.50%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased leaf N concentration
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- leaf Ne2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 23.50%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
e2“Additionally, a significant increase in leaf N (23.50%), P (29.09%), and K (17.24%) was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased leaf P concentration
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- Pe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 29.09%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
e2“Additionally, a significant increase in leaf N (23.50%), P (29.09%), and K (17.24%) was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination increased leaf K concentration
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe1
- Outcome
- Ke2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 17.24%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
e2“Additionally, a significant increase in leaf N (23.50%), P (29.09%), and K (17.24%) was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL combination decreased glyphosate concentration under glyphosate stress
- Treatment
- 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZLe3
- Outcome
- glyphosate concentratione3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 88.89%e3
- Qualifier
- under glyphosate stresse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combination of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL led to an increase in maize plant height (44.91%), root length (49.69%), shoot fresh weight (44.21%), shoot dry weight (58.47%), root fresh weight (52.55%), and root dry weight (62.50%) compared to the control”
e3“a decrease in glyphosate concentration (88.89%) under glyphosate stress validated the effect of 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL amendment is recommended for enhancing maize growth and mitigating glyphosate stress
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“a 0.60% TWBC with 5% ZL is the most effective amendment for enhancing plant growth and mitigating glyphosate stress in maize plants”