Abstract
BACKGROUND: Centromere function is fundamental and conserved across eukaryotes, despite highly divergent DNA sequences, even among closely related species. These regions often contain rapidly evolving repeats and retrotransposons, yet play a crucial role in chromosome segregation. Soybean, which harbors two distinct types of centromeric satellite repeats, is an ideal model for studying centromeric repeat organization and function. RESULTS: Here we generate the complete map of centromeric satellite repeats revealing the organizational patterns of different types of centromeric satellite repeats within centromeres. These maps are constructed using three recently available telomere-to-telomere soybean genomes. We find that certain centromeric satellite repeats exhibit chromosome-specific evolutionary trajectories and may serve distinct functional roles in centromere activity. We further analyze the potential relationship between centromere-specific histones H3 (CENH3) and centromeric satellite repeats, identifying consensus motifs associated with CENH3-binding sites. We also analyze the higher-order tandem repeats of the centromere and propose a hypothetical model of centromeric DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 evolve independently. The observation that completely identical CentGm-4 sequences consistently appear on the same chromosome across different soybean varieties indicates a stronger chromosome-specific preference for CentGm-4. We propose a model in which replication templates within the centromere region originate from multiple CENH3-nucleosome complexes bound to CentGm sequences. Both CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 contain similar motifs with the potential to bind CENH3 protein. The findings provide a new insight into the mechanisms behind centromere diversity and dynamics.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A complete map of centromeric satellite repeats was generated from three telomere-to-telomere soybean genomes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Outcome
- complete map of centromeric satellite repeatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we generate the complete map of centromeric satellite repeats”
e1“three recently available telomere-to-telomere soybean genomes”
Claim · model-written summary
Certain centromeric satellite repeats show chromosome-specific evolutionary trajectories.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- chromosome-specific evolutionary trajectoriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean centromeres”
e0“certain centromeric satellite repeats exhibit chromosome-specific evolutionary trajectories”
Claim · model-written summary
Consensus motifs associated with CENH3-binding sites were identified in centromeric satellite repeats.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- CENH3e0
- Outcome
- consensus motifse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean centromeres”
e0“identifying consensus motifs associated with CENH3-binding sites”
Claim · model-written summary
CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 evolve independently.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- evolve independentlye0
- Qualifier
- CentGm-1 and CentGm-4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean centromeres”
e0“CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 evolve independently”
Claim · model-written summary
Completely identical CentGm-4 sequences consistently appear on the same chromosome across different soybean varieties, indicating chromosome-specific preference.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- different soybean varietiese0
- Outcome
- appear on the same chromosomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“completely identical CentGm-4 sequences consistently appear on the same chromosome across different soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Both CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 contain similar motifs with potential to bind CENH3 protein.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- CENH3 proteine0
- Outcome
- similar motifse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean centromeres”
e0“Both CentGm-1 and CentGm-4 contain similar motifs with the potential to bind CENH3 protein”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that replication templates in the centromere originate from multiple CENH3-nucleosome complexes bound to CentGm sequences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- CENH3e0
- Outcome
- replication templatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean centromeres”
e0“We propose a model in which replication templates within the centromere region originate from multiple CENH3-nucleosome complexes bound to CentGm sequences”