Abstract
Direct seeding of rice reduces labor intensity and cost, helping alleviate labor shortages in cold-region rice production. To investigate the effects of mechanical precision hill-direct seeding versus mechanical transplanting on yield and nutrient accumulation in cold regions, a set of field split-plot experiments were conducted with cultivation method as the main plot and rice variety as the sub-plot. Our comprehensive measurement results indicate that transplanting significantly increased yield by enhancing tiller number, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill, with significant varietal differences observed. No significant difference in 1000-grain weight was found between the two cultivation methods. Except for Zn content, different cultivation methods have no significant effect on other measured nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe, starch, and fat. Transplanting significantly increased effective tiller number (an increase of 2.6 tillers per hill) and filled grains per panicle (an increase of 12.4 grains), with a significant variety–cultivation method interaction. Qijing 2 (QJ2) and Tiandao 261 (TD261) were more suitable for transplanting to achieve high yield potential, whereas Longgeng 3038 (LG3038) and Tianxiangdao 9 (TXD9) obtained relatively high yields under direct seeding. Therefore, appropriate cultivation methods should be selected based on varietal characteristics: transplanting is recommended for high-yield-potential varieties, while simplified direct seeding is advised for varieties tolerant to direct seeding. Overall, this is a comprehensive consideration and rational strategy based on balancing rice yield, revenue, and benefit, as well as ensuring both food security and farmer income of the entire country and society.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting significantly increased rice yield relative to direct seeding.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Mechanical Hill-Drop Seedingt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transplanting significantly increased yield by enhancing tiller number, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill”
t0“Rice Production in Cold Regions: Yield and Nutritional Trade-Offs Between Transplanting and Mechanical Hill-Drop Seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting significantly increased effective tiller number by 2.6 tillers per hill.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Transplantinge0
- Outcome
- effective tiller numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.6 tillers per hille0
- Comparator
- Mechanical Hill-Drop Seedingt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanting significantly increased effective tiller number (an increase of 2.6 tillers per hill) and filled grains per panicle (an increase of 12.4 grains)”
t0“Rice Production in Cold Regions: Yield and Nutritional Trade-Offs Between Transplanting and Mechanical Hill-Drop Seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting significantly increased filled grains per panicle by 12.4 grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Transplantinge0
- Outcome
- filled grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12.4 grainse0
- Comparator
- Mechanical Hill-Drop Seedingt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanting significantly increased effective tiller number (an increase of 2.6 tillers per hill) and filled grains per panicle (an increase of 12.4 grains)”
t0“Rice Production in Cold Regions: Yield and Nutritional Trade-Offs Between Transplanting and Mechanical Hill-Drop Seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting increased grain weight per hill.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- grain weight per hille0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Comparator
- Mechanical Hill-Drop Seedingt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transplanting significantly increased yield by enhancing tiller number, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill”
t0“Rice Production in Cold Regions: Yield and Nutritional Trade-Offs Between Transplanting and Mechanical Hill-Drop Seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-grain weight did not differ significantly between cultivation methods.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cultivation methodse0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
- Comparator
- two cultivation methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference in 1000-grain weight was found between the two cultivation methods”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation method had no significant effect on measured N, P and K contents.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different cultivation methodse0
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different cultivation methods have no significant effect on other measured nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe, starch, and fat”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation method had no significant effect on measured Fe, starch and fat.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different cultivation methodse0
- Outcome
- Fe, starch, and fate0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different cultivation methods have no significant effect on other measured nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe, starch, and fat”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn content was an exception to the nutrients unaffected by cultivation method.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different cultivation methodse0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for Zn content, different cultivation methods have no significant effect on other measured nutrients”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation method effects on rice tiller number and filled grains per panicle varied significantly by variety.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cultivation methode0
- Outcome
- variety–cultivation method interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a significant variety–cultivation method interaction”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Qijing 2 was more suitable for transplanting to achieve high yield potential.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Qijing 2e0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- high yield potentiale0
- Direction
- more suitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qijing 2 (QJ2) and Tiandao 261 (TD261) were more suitable for transplanting to achieve high yield potential”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tiandao 261 was more suitable for transplanting to achieve high yield potential.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Tiandao 261e0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- high yield potentiale0
- Direction
- more suitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qijing 2 (QJ2) and Tiandao 261 (TD261) were more suitable for transplanting to achieve high yield potential”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Longgeng 3038 obtained relatively high yields under direct seeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Longgeng 3038e0
- Treatment
- direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longgeng 3038 (LG3038) and Tianxiangdao 9 (TXD9) obtained relatively high yields under direct seeding”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tianxiangdao 9 obtained relatively high yields under direct seeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Tianxiangdao 9e0
- Treatment
- direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longgeng 3038 (LG3038) and Tianxiangdao 9 (TXD9) obtained relatively high yields under direct seeding”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend transplanting high-yield-potential rice varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transplanting is recommended for high-yield-potential varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transplanting is recommended for high-yield-potential varieties”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise simplified direct seeding for rice varieties tolerant to direct seeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- simplified direct seeding is advised for varieties tolerant to direct seedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simplified direct seeding is advised for varieties tolerant to direct seeding”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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