Abstract
ABSTRACT Trifolium repens L. (white clover) is a common perennial weed that aggressively colonises turfgrass, disrupting its uniformity and aesthetic quality. Effective management of T. repens is essential for preserving the visual and functional integrity of turfgrass systems. This study evaluated the efficacy of a sequential herbicide application strategy for controlling T. repens in Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass). A randomised complete block design with three replications and nine treatments was employed, comprising systemic herbicides—U46‐Combi Fluid (U) (containing 2,4‐D and MCPA) at 1.5 and 2 L ha −1 (1012.5 and 1350 g ai ha −1 ), and Duplosan Super (D) (containing MCPA, Dichlorprop‐P, and Mecoprop‐P) at 2 and 2.5 L ha −1 (1200 and 1500 g ai ha −1 )—followed by a contact herbicide, Ioxynil (I), at 0 or 2 L ha −1 (0 and 4500 g ai ha −1 ). Results showed that the D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency and complete suppression of T. repens regrowth, significantly reducing its biomass while enhancing P. pratensis visual quality, chlorophyll content, and biomass. Correlation and principal component analyses highlighted strong negative associations between weed ( T. repens ) and turfgrass ( P. pratensis ) metrics. These high‐performing sequential treatments represent an effective and practical approach to T. repens management. This approach's key advantage lies in preventing weed regrowth, which can reduce the need for repeated applications and thereby lower the overall herbicide load in turfgrass systems. Further research should investigate the long‐term ecological and economic implications of this method, as well as its adaptability across various turfgrass species and environmental conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 herbicide treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency against T. repens in Poa pratensis turf.
- Taxon
- T. repens
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency and complete suppression of T. repens regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
The D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments completely suppressed regrowth of T. repens.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- T. repens regrowthe0
- Direction
- complete suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency and complete suppression of T. repens regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
The D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments significantly reduced T. repens biomass.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- its biomasse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency and complete suppression of T. repens regrowth, significantly reducing its biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments enhanced P. pratensis visual quality, chlorophyll content and biomass.
- Taxon
- P. pratensis
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensise0 - Treatment
- D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- visual quality, chlorophyll content, and biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the D2.5 + I2 and D2 + I2 treatments achieved 100% weed control efficiency and complete suppression of T. repens regrowth, significantly reducing its biomass while enhancing P. pratensis visual quality, chlorophyll content, and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlation and principal component analyses showed strong negative associations between the weed T. repens and P. pratensis turfgrass metrics.
- Taxon
- P. pratensisPoa pratensise0
- Interactor
- T. repensTrifolium repense0weed
- Outcome
- turfgrass ( P. pratensis ) metricse0
- Direction
- strong negative associationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong negative associations between weed ( T. repens ) and turfgrass ( P. pratensis ) metrics”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors present the sequential treatments as an effective and practical approach to T. repens management.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- effective and practical approach to T. repens managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential treatments represent an effective and practical approach to T. repens management”