Abstract
To control Fusarium -induced root rot in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, the endophytic antagonistic bacterium against root rot was screened in this work. Furthermore, antifungal capacity and mechanisms of the obtained Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( B. amyloliquefaciens ) HJ9 and its degenerate strain dHJ9 were investigated. The obtained data demonstrated that cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, and biofilm formation of Fusarium sp. F2, whereas CFS of B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9 exhibited substantially diminished antagonistic activity. The antifungal mechanism studies indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 primarily disrupted the cell membrane integrity of Fusarium sp. F2, evidenced by increased membrane damage indicators. Pot trials confirmed that B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 CFS showed optimal root rot control, superior to bacterial suspensions, whereas B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9 treatment even exacerbated the disease. The degeneration resulted not only in the lose of key biosynthetic gene clusters, but also in a pronounced reduction in the production of the plant growth substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This study established a foundation for developing biocontrol agents based on the bioactive metabolites of endophytes from P. cyrtonema Hua. • The biocontrol of Polygonatum sp. root rot using endophytes has been firstly reported. • The strain significantly inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, and biofilm formation of Fusarium sp. F2. • The strain primarily disrupted the cell membrane integrity of Fusarium sp. F2, and thus showed strong antifungal activity. • The degenerate strain dHJ9 exhibited downregulation of the key lipopeptide gene clusters itu A and bam D.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
HJ9 supernatant significantly inhibited Fusarium mycelial growth, spore germination and biofilm formation.
- Taxon
- Fusarium sp. F2
Fusarium sp. F2e0 - Treatment
- cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9e0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth, spore germination, and biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell-free supernatant (CFS) of B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, and biofilm formation of Fusarium sp. F2”
Claim · model-written summary
Degenerate dHJ9 supernatant had diminished antagonistic activity.
- Taxon
- B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9
.jpg?width=60)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0 - Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“CFS of B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9 exhibited substantially diminished antagonistic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
HJ9 disrupted Fusarium cell membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- Fusarium sp. F2Fusarium sp. F2e0
- Treatment
- B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9e0
- Outcome
- cell membrane integritye0
- Qualifier
- increased membrane damage indicatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 primarily disrupted the cell membrane integrity of Fusarium sp. F2, evidenced by increased membrane damage indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
HJ9 supernatant provided the best root rot control in pot trials, exceeding bacterial suspensions.
- Taxon
- B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0
- Treatment
- B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 CFSe0
- Outcome
- root rot controle0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- bacterial suspensionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot trials confirmed that B. amyloliquefaciens HJ9 CFS showed optimal root rot control, superior to bacterial suspensions”
Claim · model-written summary
Degenerate dHJ9 treatment worsened root rot disease.
- Taxon
- B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0
- Treatment
- B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9 treatmente0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. amyloliquefaciens dHJ9 treatment even exacerbated the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Degeneration led to loss of key biosynthetic gene clusters.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The degeneration resulted not only in the lose of key biosynthetic gene clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
Degeneration markedly reduced plant growth substance production including IAA.
- Outcome
- production of the plant growth substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a pronounced reduction in the production of the plant growth substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Degenerate dHJ9 downregulated lipopeptide gene clusters itu A and bam D.
Verbatim
e0“The degenerate strain dHJ9 exhibited downregulation of the key lipopeptide gene clusters itu A and bam D”