Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Plant fungal diseases, particularly those caused by Rhizoctonia solani , represent a major threat to global food security by causing substantial yield losses. Although chemical fungicides are available, growing pathogen resistance and environmental concerns necessitate the development of novel antifungal agents that are highly effective, eco‐compatible, and operate through distinct mechanisms. RESULTS Twenty‐four benzyl piperidine‐containing thiazolidinedione derivatives were synthesized and their antifungal activities were assessed against six phytopathogenic fungi. In particular, D18 displayed the most potent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani , with a half‐effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 4.9 μg mL −1 , surpassing that of the control drug azoxystrobin (13.2 μg mL −1 ). In vivo experiments confirmed the high protective and curative efficacy of D18 on rice leaves and sheaths. Furthermore, a series of physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted to investigate the action mechanism exerted by D18 against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani . The findings revealed that D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function, resulting in reduced membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSION D18 is a promising antifungal agent with a unique mechanism of action that combines membrane disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction, offering a potential new strategy for sustainable crop protection. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
D18 was the most potent compound against Rhizoctonia solani, with EC50 of 4.9 μg mL −1 versus 13.2 μg mL −1 for azoxystrobin.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0 - Treatment
- D18e0
- Outcome
- fungicidal activitye0
- Direction
- surpassinge0
- Value
- 4.9 μg mL −1e0
- Qualifier
- 13.2 μg mL −1e0
- Comparator
- azoxystrobine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D18 displayed the most potent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani , with a half‐effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 4.9 μg mL −1 , surpassing that of the control drug azoxystrobin (13.2 μg mL −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 had high protective efficacy on rice leaves and sheaths.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rice leaves and sheathse0
- Treatment
- D18e0
- Outcome
- protectivee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo experiments confirmed the high protective and curative efficacy of D18 on rice leaves and sheaths”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 had high curative efficacy on rice leaves and sheaths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice leaves and sheathse0
- Treatment
- D18e0
- Outcome
- curative efficacye0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo experiments confirmed the high protective and curative efficacy of D18 on rice leaves and sheaths”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 compromised fungal cell membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0
- Treatment
- D18e0
- Outcome
- fungal cell membrane integritye0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function”
t0“against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani .”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 impaired fungal mitochondrial function.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0
- Treatment
- D18e0
- Outcome
- mitochondrial functione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function”
t0“against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani .”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 reduced fungal membrane potential.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0
- Treatment
- D18e1
- Outcome
- membrane potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in reduced membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity”
t0“against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani .”
e1“D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 caused accumulation of fungal reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0
- Treatment
- D18e1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in reduced membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity”
t0“against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani .”
e1“D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function”
Claim · model-written summary
D18 inhibited fungal succinate dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0
- Treatment
- D18e1
- Gene
- succinate dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- succinate dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in reduced membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity”
t0“against plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani .”
e1“D18 acted through a novel dual‐action mode: it compromised fungal cell membrane integrity and simultaneously impaired mitochondrial function”