Abstract
Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is one of the most problematic invasive plants threatening agricultural lands in the northern Middle East. Its recent widespread occurrence has raised serious concern, as one of the major problems associated with lands infested by this weed is its allelopathic effect on successive crops. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of different concentrations of its aqueous extracts on the germination and seedling development of three potential successive crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and to screen its chemical components. All tested concentrations of the plant extract had a negative impact, inhibiting germination and suppressing seedling growth. The highest concentration (12.5 %) inhibited germination of wheat and broad bean by 100 %, while flax seeds showed complete germination inhibition at concentration of 7.5 % and above. Furthermore, the lower concentrations exhibited an inhibitory effect on growth over time, likely due to the accumulation of active substances within seedlings, preventing normal germination and development. The results of the chemical composition analysis also indicated that the residues of this plant contain a considerable amount of bioactive secondary metabolites known to inhibit seed germination, particularly glycosides and terpenes. The study's findings demonstrate the adverse impact of this plant’s spread and recommend implementing all possible measures to limit its further expansion. Conversely, the study highlights the potential use of its bioactive compounds as natural agents for biological control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The highest concentration (12.5 %) of silverleaf nightshade extract inhibited wheat germination by 100 %.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- highest concentration (12.5 %)e0
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
%2C_%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%2C_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%2C_05-06-2021.jpg?width=60)
Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%2C_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%2C_05-06-2021.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration (12.5 %) inhibited germination of wheat and broad bean by 100 %”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest concentration (12.5 %) of silverleaf nightshade extract inhibited broad bean germination by 100 %.
- Taxon
- broad bean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- highest concentration (12.5 %)e0
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration (12.5 %) inhibited germination of wheat and broad bean by 100 %”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax seeds showed complete germination inhibition at silverleaf nightshade extract concentrations of 7.5 % and above.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume1 - Treatment
- concentration of 7.5 % and abovee1
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- complete germination inhibitione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“flax seeds showed complete germination inhibition at concentration of 7.5 % and above”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower concentrations of silverleaf nightshade extract inhibited wheat seedling growth over time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- lower concentrationse2
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lower concentrations exhibited an inhibitory effect on growth over time”
t1“wheat, broad bean and flax”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower concentrations of silverleaf nightshade extract inhibited broad bean seedling growth over time.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabat1
- Treatment
- lower concentrationse2
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lower concentrations exhibited an inhibitory effect on growth over time”
t1“wheat, broad bean and flax”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower concentrations of silverleaf nightshade extract inhibited flax seedling growth over time.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt1
- Treatment
- lower concentrationse2
- Interactor
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0weed
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lower concentrations exhibited an inhibitory effect on growth over time”
t1“wheat, broad bean and flax”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues of silverleaf nightshade contain bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly glycosides and terpenes, that inhibit seed germination.
- Taxon
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0
- Compound
- glycosides and terpenese3
- Outcome
- bioactive secondary metabolitese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“contain a considerable amount of bioactive secondary metabolites known to inhibit seed germination, particularly glycosides and terpenes”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing all possible measures to limit further expansion of silverleaf nightshade.
- Taxon
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0
- Outcome
- further expansione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“recommend implementing all possible measures to limit its further expansion”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors highlight a potential use of silverleaf nightshade bioactive compounds as natural agents for biological control.
- Taxon
- Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.Solanum elaeagnifoliumt0
- Outcome
- natural agents for biological controle5
- Qualifier
- potential use of its bioactive compoundse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the potential use of its bioactive compounds as natural agents for biological control”
t0“silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)”