Paper · 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Genetic variability and heritability among durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) lines for grain yield and its components performance

Othmani, Afef; Ayed, Sourour; Araar, Alaeddine Ben; et al.

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verbatim quotes
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citations
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a staple crop in Tunisia and the Mediterranean region, where yield is strongly influenced by environmental variability. The present study evaluated 19 durum wheat lines over two cropping seasons (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) to assess genetic variability, heritability, and expected genetic advance for grain yield and its components. Variance analysis revealed significant effects of genotype, year and their interaction on most traits. Environmental conditions accounted for the largest proportion of variation in grain yield (77.91%), highlighting the dominant influence of year-to-year climatic differences. Significant genotypic variation was observed for number of plants per square meter, number of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield, identifying promising lines for further selection. A high broad-sense heritability for the number of grains per spike (83.04%) with a corresponding expected genetic gain of 9.18, indicating strong additive genetic control and potential for effective selection. Other traits exhibited lower heritability and genetic gains, reflecting a substantial environmental influence. These findings provide valuable information for durum wheat breeding programs aimed at enhancing grain yield and stress adaptation in Tunisia and similar environments.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Environmental conditions accounted for 77.91 % of the variation in grain yield.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Outcome
variation in grain yielde0
Value
77.91%e0
Qualifier
largest proportione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e0

“Environmental conditions accounted for the largest proportion of variation in grain yield (77.91%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 472–570 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Significant genotypic variation was observed for plants per square meter, spikes per square meter and grains per spike.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Material
19 durum wheat linese2
Outcome
number of plants per square meter, number of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spikee1
Qualifier
Significant genotypic variatione1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant genotypic variation was observed for number of plants per square meter, number of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield, identifying promising lines for further selection”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 646–883 · show in text ↑
e2

“evaluated 19 durum wheat lines over two cropping seasons”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–232 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Significant genotypic variation was observed for thousand-kernel weight and grain yield.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Material
19 durum wheat linese2
Outcome
thousand-kernel weight, and grain yielde1
Qualifier
Significant genotypic variatione1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant genotypic variation was observed for number of plants per square meter, number of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield, identifying promising lines for further selection”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 646–883 · show in text ↑
e2

“evaluated 19 durum wheat lines over two cropping seasons”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–232 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Broad-sense heritability for the number of grains per spike was high, 83.04 %.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Outcome
broad-sense heritability for the number of grains per spikee3
Value
83.04%e3
Qualifier
highe3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e3

“A high broad-sense heritability for the number of grains per spike (83.04%) with a corresponding expected genetic gain of 9.18”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1011 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Expected genetic gain for the number of grains per spike was 9.18.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Outcome
expected genetic gaine3
Value
9.18e3
Qualifier
number of grains per spikee3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e3

“A high broad-sense heritability for the number of grains per spike (83.04%) with a corresponding expected genetic gain of 9.18”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1011 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Other traits showed lower heritability and genetic gains, reflecting a substantial environmental influence.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Outcome
heritability and genetic gainse4
Direction
lowere4
Qualifier
reflecting a substantial environmental influencee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e4

“Other traits exhibited lower heritability and genetic gains, reflecting a substantial environmental influence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1204 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Genotype, year and their interaction had significant effects on most traits.

Taxon
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
Outcome
most traitse5
Qualifier
significant effects of genotype, year and their interactione5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum · TaxonSten Porse · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–77 · show in text ↑
e5

“Variance analysis revealed significant effects of genotype, year and their interaction on most traits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 369–470 · show in text ↑