Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides to control storage pests has resulted in numerous side effects on non-target organisms and the environment. X-ray irradiation and plant essential oils (EOs) are low-risk and efficient methods to control storage pests such as Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The aim of this study was to evaluate lethality of EOs from Mentha piperita L., Satureja hortensis L., Carum copticum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Syzygium aromaticum L., and Pimpinella anisum L. against fifth-instar larvae of E. kuehniella . Thereafter, the combined effect of C. copticum and S. hortensis oils (as the most toxic EOs) with X-ray irradiation (at a dose of 0.5 Gy/h) on life-table parameters of this pest was investigated using the age-stage, two-sex theory. Terpenic compounds, including thymol, p -cymene, γ-terpinene, and α-pinene, were dominant in C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs. The combining of C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs with X-ray irradiation increased the mortality of larvae compared to their isolated application and control. The developmental times were also prolonged in all treatments as compared to the control. Moreover, number of eggs laid, intrinsic rate of population increase and net reproductive rate were decreased by combined application of EOs and X-ray. According to the synergistic phenomena, the combining of C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs and X-ray irradiation can be introduced as a suitable alternative to conventional pesticides to manage E. kuehniella in storage.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils of Carum copticum and Satureja hortensis were the most toxic to fifth-instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella.
- Taxon
- C. copticume3
- Interactor
- E. kuehniella
Ephestia kuehniellae2pest - Outcome
- most toxice3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“fifth-instar larvae of E. kuehniella”
e3“C. copticum and S. hortensis oils (as the most toxic EOs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined C. copticum and S. hortensis essential oils with X-ray irradiation increased larval mortality compared with their isolated application and control.
- Taxon
- C. copticume4
- Treatment
- combining of C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs with X-ray irradiatione4
- Interactor
- E. kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae2pest
- Outcome
- mortality of larvaee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- their isolated application and controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“fifth-instar larvae of E. kuehniella”
e3“C. copticum and S. hortensis oils (as the most toxic EOs)”
e4“The combining of C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs with X-ray irradiation increased the mortality of larvae compared to their isolated application and control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined essential oils and X-ray irradiation prolonged the developmental time of E. kuehniella compared with the control.
- Taxon
- C. copticume3
- Treatment
- all treatmentse5
- Interactor
- E. kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae2pest
- Outcome
- developmental timese5
- Direction
- prolongede5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“fifth-instar larvae of E. kuehniella”
e3“C. copticum and S. hortensis oils (as the most toxic EOs)”
e5“The developmental times were also prolonged in all treatments as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined essential oils and X-ray irradiation decreased the number of eggs laid, intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate of E. kuehniella.
- Taxon
- C. copticume3
- Treatment
- combined application of EOs and X-raye6
- Interactor
- E. kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae2pest
- Outcome
- number of eggs laid, intrinsic rate of population increase and net reproductive ratee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“fifth-instar larvae of E. kuehniella”
e3“C. copticum and S. hortensis oils (as the most toxic EOs)”
e6“number of eggs laid, intrinsic rate of population increase and net reproductive rate were decreased by combined application of EOs and X-ray”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined C. copticum and S. hortensis essential oils with X-ray irradiation can be introduced as a suitable alternative to conventional pesticides for managing E. kuehniella in storage.
- Taxon
- C. copticume7
- Interactor
- E. kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae7pest
- Outcome
- suitable alternative to conventional pesticidese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the combining of C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs and X-ray irradiation can be introduced as a suitable alternative to conventional pesticides to manage E. kuehniella in storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Terpenic compounds were dominant in the essential oils of C. copticum and S. hortensis.
Verbatim
e2“Terpenic compounds, including thymol, p -cymene, γ-terpinene, and α-pinene, were dominant in C. copticum and S. hortensis EOs”