Abstract
Flower production is a key determinant of yield in many fruit crops, including kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ). Floral development is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with biotic stressors such as pathogens also playing a role in reproductive success. In kiwifruit, the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) has been linked to floral bud rot (FBR), a phenomenon that may affect flower opening and overall yield. However, the effects of Psa on flower development and fruit set have not yet been thoroughly investigated. We examined the development of Psa‐induced FBR on yield potential within an A. chinensis var. deliciosa seedling population. Two novel methods were employed to determine the severity of FBR symptoms in a kiwifruit seedling population. The first method involved detailed daily measurements of FBR on individual flower buds, recorded over a flowering season. The final fate of each flower bud (successful or unsuccessful fruit set) and the shape of the resulting fruit (normal or deformed) were recorded. The second, more efficient method used less detailed scoring of the FBR symptoms. Results showed that the development of FBR symptoms was not correlated with the severity of the final FBR expression, with an average of 11 days from the symptom onset to the final FBR expression. Flower buds with over 50% of the sepals affected by FBR have a lower chance of successful pollination and, if pollination does occur, there is a higher chance that a deformed fruit will form. Both detailed and simplified methodologies effectively scored FBR symptoms within an A. chinensis var . deliciosa seedling population, with the simplified four‐category scoring system being the more efficient.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
FBR symptom development was not correlated with final FBR severity.
- Taxon
- Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Organ / stage
- FBR symptomse0
- Outcome
- severity of the final FBR expressione0
- Direction
- not correlatede0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the development of FBR symptoms was not correlated with the severity of the final FBR expression”
t0“Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa”
Claim · model-written summary
The average interval from FBR symptom onset to final expression was 11 days.
- Taxon
- Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- final FBR expressione0
- Value
- 11 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with an average of 11 days from the symptom onset to the final FBR expression”
t0“Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower buds with over 50% of sepals affected by FBR had a lower chance of successful pollination.
- Taxon
- Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- Flower budse0
- Outcome
- successful pollinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- over 50% of the sepals affected by FBRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower buds with over 50% of the sepals affected by FBR have a lower chance of successful pollination”
t0“Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa”
Claim · model-written summary
If pollination occurred, buds with over 50% of sepals affected by FBR had a higher chance of deformed fruit.
- Taxon
- Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosaActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- Flower budse0
- Outcome
- deformed fruite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- if pollination does occure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower buds with over 50% of the sepals affected by FBR have a lower chance of successful pollination and, if pollination does occur, there is a higher chance that a deformed fruit will form”
t0“Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Both detailed and simplified methods effectively scored FBR symptoms.
- Taxon
- A. chinensis var . deliciosa
Actinidia chinensise0 - Outcome
- scored FBR symptomse0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
- Comparator
- detailed and simplified methodologiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both detailed and simplified methodologies effectively scored FBR symptoms within an A. chinensis var . deliciosa seedling population, with the simplified four‐category scoring system being the more efficient”
Claim · model-written summary
The simplified four category scoring system was more efficient than detailed scoring.
- Taxon
- A. chinensis var . deliciosaActinidia chinensise0
- Outcome
- efficiente0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- detailede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both detailed and simplified methodologies effectively scored FBR symptoms within an A. chinensis var . deliciosa seedling population, with the simplified four‐category scoring system being the more efficient”