Abstract
Abstract Feremycorrhiza (FM) is a beneficial symbiosis between the Australian native fungus Austroboletus occidentalis and diverse plant species, including eucalypts, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) crops, and non-AM crops such as canola. This study aimed to investigate the generalist nature of the FM fungus across multiple host plants, and its effects on plant-available soil phosphorus (P) and plant P uptake efficiency (PUpE). The effects of A. occidentalis on plant growth, shoot nutrient uptake, soil P availability, and PUpE in 14 crop and pasture species including cereals, forage grasses, legumes, and oilseeds were investigated under P-deficient conditions, using low-P soils (Colwell P = 4–5 mg kg − 1 ) supplemented with a minimal P dose (2 mg kg − 1 ). Plants were harvested after 6 weeks of growth. Inoculated plants of all species had significantly increased shoot and root biomass, compared with the non-inoculated controls. Most inoculated crop and pasture species also exhibited increased shoot contents of nutrients, including P, nitrogen, potassium, and several micronutrients. Plant-available P in soil was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the inoculated treatments compared with the non-inoculated controls across all plant species. PUpE was also enhanced in most inoculated species, with the highest gains in wheat (by 122%) and maize (by 65%) relative to the control. Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures, highlighting its role as a generalist symbiont. By enhancing soil-available P, plant nutrient uptake and growth, the FM symbiosis presents a novel approach for sustainable P management in cropping and pasture systems. Graphical Abstract
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated crop and pasture plants had significantly increased shoot and root biomass compared with non-inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- crops and pasturese5
- Treatment
- Inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalis
Austroboletus occidentalise5symbiont - Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e1“Inoculated plants of all species had significantly increased shoot and root biomass, compared with the non-inoculated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Most inoculated crop and pasture species had increased shoot contents of nutrients.
- Taxon
- crops and pasturese5
- Treatment
- inoculatede2
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot contents of nutrientse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- Moste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e2“Most inoculated crop and pasture species also exhibited increased shoot contents of nutrients, including P, nitrogen, potassium, and several micronutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant-available P in soil was significantly higher in inoculated treatments than in non-inoculated controls across all plant species.
- Taxon
- crops and pasturese5
- Treatment
- inoculated treatmentse3
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- Plant-available P in soile3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- across all plant speciese3
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e3“Plant-available P in soil was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the inoculated treatments compared with the non-inoculated controls across all plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant utilization efficiency of P (PUpE) was enhanced in most inoculated species.
- Taxon
- crops and pasturese5
- Treatment
- inoculatede4
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- PUpEe4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- moste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e4“PUpE was also enhanced in most inoculated species, with the highest gains in wheat (by 122%) and maize (by 65%) relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
PUpE gain in wheat was 122% relative to the control under inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume4 - Treatment
- inoculatede4
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- PUpEe4
- Direction
- highest gainse4
- Value
- 122%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e4“PUpE was also enhanced in most inoculated species, with the highest gains in wheat (by 122%) and maize (by 65%) relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
PUpE gain in maize was 65% relative to the control under inoculation.
- Treatment
- inoculatede4
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- PUpEe4
- Direction
- highest gainse4
- Value
- 65%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e4“PUpE was also enhanced in most inoculated species, with the highest gains in wheat (by 122%) and maize (by 65%) relative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures.
- Taxon
- crops and pasturese5
- Interactor
- Austroboletus occidentalisAustroboletus occidentalise5symbiont
- Outcome
- effective symbiosise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
Claim · model-written summary
The feremycorrhizal symbiosis is a novel approach for sustainable P management in cropping and pasture systems.
Verbatim
e5“Austroboletus occidentalis formed effective symbiosis with a wide range of crops and pastures”
e6“By enhancing soil-available P, plant nutrient uptake and growth, the FM symbiosis presents a novel approach for sustainable P management in cropping and pasture systems”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Austroboletus occidentalis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.